Zv‡iK : evOvwji nvRvi eQ‡ii fvlv, mvwnZ¨, ms¯‹…wZ, Drme, b…Z¨, bvU¨, MxZ, evDj Mvb, cvjvMvb, †jvKvPvi, cÖvZ¨wnK Rxebhvcb cÖwZ‡¶‡ÎB i‡q‡Q mg„× BwZnvm| †mB BwZnv‡mi euv‡K euv‡K Suv‡K Suv‡K _vKv HwZ‡n¨i mvivrmvi MÖnY K‡i Avgiv GwM‡q hvw”Q mvg‡bi w`‡K| eZ©gvb‡K †gjvevi Avi fwel¨‡Zi myL¯^cœ †`Lvi, Qwe AuvKvi| gymwjg, wn›`y †eŠ×, wLÖ÷vb GK cOw³‡Z `uvwo‡q D”PK‡É MvB‡e, ÔZywg be be iƒ‡c G‡mv cÖv‡YÕ| GKvKx N‡i wdi‡e, ZLb Zvi K‡É _vK‡e ¯^iƒc A‡š^lvi Mvb, g‡bi gvbyl Lyu‡R †divi Mvb|
ga¨hy‡M evsjvq cqvi Q‡›` KweZv wj‡L Kwe ˆmq` myjZvb‡K wek¦vmNvZK bv‡gi Kjw¼Z Dcvwa gv_v †c‡Z wb‡Z n‡qwQj| Avevi †mB ga¨hy‡MB wecyj Drmv‡nB AvivKv‡bi †ivmvs ivRmfvq Mfxi †`k‡cÖ‡gi †PZbvq evsjv PP©v n‡Z †`‡LwQ| GB fvlvi Rb¨ Rxeb w`‡q G‡`‡ki Ziæ‡Yiv BwZnvm iPbv K‡i‡Q| ZviB c_ †e‡q ¯^vaxbZv G‡m‡Q| fvlvi Kvi‡YB c…w_exi me RvwZi g‡a¨ e¨wZµg Ges fvM¨evb Avgiv| evsjvfvlv‡K †K›`Ö K‡iB Avgv‡`i RvwZ‡Z RvwZ‡Z, e‡Y© e‡Y©, a‡g© a‡g© wgjb| e‡Ui Sywi‡Z my‡Zv euvav, `j‡eu‡a cx‡ii `iMvq †PivM R¡vjvi BwZnvm evOvwji mve©RbxbZvi ewntcÖKvk| Ag„Z `xwcZ P›`Ö m~‡h©i Av‡jvq evsjvi gvwU‡Z ZvB Avgiv cvB Avb›` Avð‡h©i mv¶vrKvi|
Avgv‡`i cÖv‡Yi wcÖq evsjv‡K wPb‡Z eyS‡Z Ges Zvi ¯^Ztù~Z© cÖKvk‡K LyuR‡Z, n~`qv½g Ki‡Z Avgv‡`i evievi `uvov‡Z nq c‡njv ˆekv‡Li Kv‡Q| WvK w`‡q ej‡Z nq, ÔG‡mv †n ˆekvL, Dwo‡q bvI erm‡ii R‡g _vKv AveR©bv, gwjbZv| Av‡jv‡Ki SY©vavivq ayB‡q `vI, mœvZ n‡q ï× nB|Õ
evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q eo el©eiY DrmewU AbywôZ n‡e ivRavbxi igbvi eUg~‡j| GwU cÖvq 50 eQi a‡i Av‡qvRb K‡i Avm‡Q †`‡ki kxl©¯’vbxq ms¯‹…wZ cÖwZôvb QvqvbU| K…wli m‡½ evsjv bee‡l©i NwbôZv Rwo‡q Av‡Q G mb cÖeZ©‡bi m~Pbv †_‡KB| †gvMj mgÖvU AvKei cÖPjb K‡ib evsjv m‡bi| Gi Av‡M †gvMj ev`kvniv ivRKv‡R I bw_c‡Î e¨envi Ki‡Zb wnRwi mb| wnRwi Pv›`Ö eQi, hv b¨~bwaK 354 w`‡b c~Y© nq| wKš‘ †mŠi eQi c~Y© nq b¨~bwaK 365 w`‡b| eQ‡i cÖvq 11 w`‡bi cv_©K¨ nIqvq wnRwi mb AvewZ©Z nq Ges 33 eQ‡ii gv_vq †mŠi eQ‡ii Zyjbvq GK eQi e…w× cvq| K…l‡Ki KvQ †_‡K ivR¯^ Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡j mviv †`‡k GKwU Awfbœ †mŠi eQ‡ii cÖ‡qvRb| Avi G aviYv †_‡KB mgÖvU AvKei 1584 wLÖóv‡ãi 10 ev 11B gvP© †_‡K evsjv m‡bi cÖeZ©b K‡ib| Zv Kvh©Ki nq Zvi wmsnvmb Av‡ivn‡Yi mgq A_©vr 1556 wLÖóv‡ãi 5B b‡f¤^i †_‡K| AvKe‡ii beiZœ mfvi Avwgi d‡ZDjøvn Lvb wmivRx evsjv mb cÖeZ©‡bi KvRwU m¤úbœ K‡ib|
cÖ_‡g Gi bvg wQj dmwj mb| c‡i Zv e½vã bv‡g cwiwPZ nq| ˆekvL bvgwU †bqv n‡qwQj b¶Î wekvLvi bvg †_‡K| Avi †mB †_‡K µgvš^‡q bee‡l©i e¨vwß AviI we¯Í…Z n‡q‡Q| GLb GwU iƒcvšÍi n‡q‡Q evOvwj †jvKR Drm‡e| Kv‡ji weeZ©‡b bee‡l©i m‡½ m¤úwK©Z A‡bK cyi‡bv Drm‡ei wejywß N‡U‡Q, Avevi ms‡hvM N‡U‡Q A‡bK bZyb Drm‡eiI| evsjv mb| ˆekvL| G `ywUi m‡½ nvjLvZv Rwo‡q Av‡Q HwZn¨ n‡q| Z‡e cyi‡bv G ÔnvjLvZvÕi HwZn¨ GLb Lye KgB †`Lv hvq| hw`I AZx‡Z evsjv bee‡l©i g~j Drme wQj nvjLvZv| wPivPwiZ G AbyôvbwU AvRI cvwjZ nq| Z‡e Zv Kg|
ivRavbx‡Z el©eiY‡K wN‡i me ai‡bi cÖ¯ÍywZ †kl n‡q‡Q| w`bwU‡K wbwe©‡N&b D`hvcb Ki‡Z kniRy‡o †bqv n‡q‡Q e¨vcK wbivcËve¨e¯’v| igbv D`¨vbmn wewfbœ ¯’v‡b emv‡bv n‡q‡Q wmwm K¨v‡giv| igbv eUg~‡j g~jg ˆZwii KvR †kl n‡q‡Q MZKvjB| g½j †kvfvhvÎvi me cÖ¯ÍywZ †kl n‡q‡Q Gw`b|
weKv‡j wewfbœ GjvKv Ny‡i †`Lv hvq, bee‡l©i ï‡f”QvmsewjZ †d÷y‡b †Q‡q †M‡Q igbv D`¨vb| eUZjvq ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q c‡njv ˆekv‡Li g~jgÂ| Qvqvb‡Ui wkíx‡`i mw¤§wjZ cwi‡ekbv _vK‡e GLv‡b| g~jg QvovI †ek K‡qKwU g ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| beel©‡K wN‡i †mvnivIqv`©x D`¨vb‡K beiƒ‡c mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b Db¥y³ Abyôvb cwi‡ekbv QvovI wewfbœ †¯^”Qv‡mex msMV‡bi †bqv n‡q‡Q bvbv Kg©m~wP| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi gj PZ¡i, nvwKg PZ¡i, †K›`Öxq †Ljvi gvVmn wek¦we`¨vjq GjvKvqI Pj‡e el©ei‡Yi Abyôvb| K¨v¤úv‡mi cÖ‡ekc_mn wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cy‡iv iv¯Ívq AuvKv n‡q‡Q ˆekv‡Li Avjcbv| mKvj †_‡K ïiæ n‡q mviv w`bB Pj‡e bvbv Abyôvb| evsjv GKv‡Wwg el©ei‡Yi me cÖ¯ÍywZ †kl K‡i‡Q| GKBfv‡e XvKv `w¶Y I DËi wmwU Ki‡cv‡ikb mKv‡j †ejyb Dwo‡q beel© D`hvc‡bi AvbyôvwbKZv ïiæ Ki‡e|
evsjv e‡l©i cÖPj‡bi BwZnvm
GKmgq evsjvq beel© cvwjZ n‡Zv AvZ©e Drme ev FZyag©x Drme wn‡m‡e| ZLb Gi m‡½ Nwbô m¤úK© wQj K…wli, KviY K…wlKvR FZywbf©i| GB dmj †Zvjvi mg‡qi m‡½ m½wZ †i‡L Ki Av`v‡qi myweavi Rb¨B gyNj mgÖvU AvKei 1584 mv‡j 10/11 gvP© evsjv m‡bi cÖeZ©b K‡ib| wnRwi Pv›`Ömb I evsjv †mŠimb‡K wfwË K‡i evsjv mb cÖewZ©Z nq| Avi Zv Kvh©Ki nq Zvi wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivn‡bi mgq †_‡K A_©vr 1556 mv‡ji 5 b‡f¤^i †_‡K| cÖ_‡g G mb dmwj mb bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj, c‡i Zv e½vã bv‡g cwiwPZ nq| Avi ˆekvL bvgwU †bIqv n‡qwQj b¶Î ‘wekvLv’i bvg †_‡K| wekvLv †_‡K bvg nj ˆekvL| ax‡i ax‡i c‡njv ˆekvL mvgvwRK Rxe‡b Nwbôfv‡e wg‡k †M‡Q| †m mgq evsjvi K…lKiv ˆPÎ gv‡mi †kl w`b ch©šÍ Rwg`vi, ZvjyK`vi I Ab¨ f~¯^vgx‡`i LvRbv cwi‡kva Ki‡Zv| ciw`b bee‡l© f~¯^vgxiv Zv‡`i wgwógyL Kiv‡Zv| G Dcj‡¶ wewfbœ ¯’v‡b †gjvmn Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡Zv|
gyNj mgÖvU AvKe‡ii wb‡`©‡k Zvi mfvm` Avgxi d‡ZnDjøvn Lvb wmivRx cÖvq Pvi k eQ‡iiI Av‡M wnRwi m‡bi m‡½ wgj †i‡L dmwj mb wn‡m‡e evsjv mb ev e½v‡ãi cÖPjb NwU‡qwQ‡jb| ZLbB e½v‡ãi m~Pbv nq ˆekv‡Li cÖ_gw`b †_‡K| †mB †_‡K AvR ch©šÍ Zv GB Rbc‡`i gvby‡li Mwe©Z HwZn¨ wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z| c‡njv ˆekv‡LB gyNj mgÖvU AvKei wgwjZ n‡Zb cÖRv‡`i m‡½| mevi ïf Kvgbv K‡i Pviw`‡K weZiY Kiv n‡Zv wgwó| Gici B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb Avg‡j el©eiY Drme P‡j Av‡m Rwg`vi evwoi AvwObvq| LvRbv Av`v‡qi g‡Zv GKwU imnxb wel‡qi m‡½ hy³ nq Mvb evRbv, †gjv Avi nvjLvZvi Abyôvb| AvR Avi LvRbv Av`vq †bB| Z‡e ‘nvjLvZv’ Av‡Q| †`‡ki e¨emvqx gn‡j ‘nvjLvZv’ Abyôvb gv‡b bZyb A_©eQ‡ii wnmve †Lvjv| bZyb eQ‡ii cÖ_g w`bwU‡Z GLbI bZyb GKwU ‘jvj Kfv‡ii’ LvZvq wnmve Ly‡j bZyb D`¨‡g ïiæ Kiv nq e¨emv| †mLv‡b AZx‡Zi fyj åvwšÍ¸‡jv ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq| nvjLvZv †_‡K †bIqv nq bZyb cwiKíbv I Kg©m~wP| Avi GLb GB ˆekvLx Drme ms¯‹…wZi Ab¨Zg mg„× GK Dcv`v‡b cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| evsjv bee‡l© GLb nvjLvZvi m‡½ µ‡gB gyL¨ n‡q DV‡Q bvbv Av‡qvR‡b Avb›`-Drme| bvP, Mvb, †gjv, g½j †kvfvhvÎv, bZyb cvÄvwe-kvwo-dZyqv civi Ges †Kbvi ayg, LvIqv-`vIqv, †eov‡bv, ïf beel© Rvbv‡bvi †iIqvRmn w`b w`b GB Drm‡ei bvbv Abyl½ †hvM n‡q wbZ¨bZyb gvwÎKZvq D¾¡j †_‡K D¾¡jZi n‡”Q| ag©-eY©-†MvÎ wbwe©‡k‡l, abx-wba©b, wkw¶Z-wk¶vewÂZ me eqmx gvby‡li mve©Rbxb Drme wn‡m‡e D`hvwcZ n‡q Avm‡Q GB cve©Y|
ivRavbx‡Z el©ei‡Yi bvbv Av‡qvRb
el©ei‡Y ivRavbx Ry‡o _vK‡e bvbv Av‡qvRb| w`‡bi cÖ_g cÖfv‡ZB igbvi eUg~‡ji HwZn¨evnx msMVb QvqvbU †fv‡ii my‡h©i Av‡jv †`Lvi m‡½ m‡½B †fvi †mvqv QÕUvq ïiæ Ki‡e el©ei‡Yi AvbyôvwbKZv| Gici Qvqvb‡Ui `yÕNÈvi Av‡qvR‡b iex›`Öm½xZ QvovI, bRiæj, jvjb, mwjj †PŠayix I iwk`DÏx‡bi Mv‡bi GKK I mw¤§wjZ cwi‡ekbv QvovI _vK‡e cvV I Ave…wËi cwi‡ekbv| †k‡l †`‡ki mv¤úÖwZK mgq I Gi cwi‡ek Zy‡j a‡i e³…Zv †`‡eb QvqvbU mfvcwZ W. mvbRx`v LvZyb|
PviæKjvi wk¶v_©xiv mKvj mv‡o bqUvq †ei Ki‡e g½j †kvfvhvÎv| Gev‡ii g½j †kvfvhvÎvi g~j cÖwZcv`¨ wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q-ÔA‡bK Av‡jv R¡vj‡Z n‡e g‡bi AÜKv‡iÕ| g½j †kvfvhvÎvq 28 dyU DPy †Ucv cyZyj _vK‡e, hvi GK †Kv‡j Kjwm I Ab¨ †Kv‡j †`Lv hv‡e GK wkï|
el©eiY Dcj‡¶ XvKv gnvbMi AvIqvgx jxM cyivb XvKvi evnv`yi kvn cvK© †_‡K Kvj mKvj 8Uvq eY©vX¨ i¨vwj †ei Ki‡e, hv‡Z evsjvi †jvKR ms¯‹…wZi bvbv DcKiY †kvfv cv‡e| G i¨vwj‡Z `jwUi RvZxq †bZviv I gnvbMi AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZviv Dcw¯’Z _vK‡eb|
mw¤§wjZ mvs¯‹…wZK †RvU cqjv ˆekv‡Li w`b weKvj 4Uvq avbgwÐi iex›`Ö m‡ive‡i GKK I `jxq †jvKm½xZ, b…Z¨ I Ave…wËmn bvbv Av‡qvRb Ki‡e| evsjv GKv‡Wwg mKvj 8Uvq GKv‡Wgxi bRiæj g‡Â el©ei‡Yi m½xZ w`‡q w`emwU D`hvcb Ki‡e|
XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq evsjv wefvM I evsjv A¨vjvgbvB †hŠ_fv‡e ˆPÎ msµvwšÍ-1421 Ges el©eiY- 1422 Dcj‡¶ `yÕw`be¨vcx we‡kl Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb K‡i‡Q| el©ei‡Yi Abyôvb mKvj mv‡o 10Uvq Kjvfe‡bi m¤§yL¯’ meyR PZ¡‡i AbywôZ n‡e|
el©eiY Dcj‡¶ P¨v‡bj AvB I my‡ii aviv e½eÜy AvšÍR©vwZK m‡¤§jb †K›`Ö cÖv½‡Y PZy_©ev‡ii gZ Av‡qvRb K‡i‡Q nvRv‡iv K‡É el©ei‡Yi Abyôvb| GLv‡b †gjvi Av‡qvRbI _vK‡e| AbyôvbwU mivmwi m¤úÖPvi Ki‡e P¨v‡bj AvB|
Xv‡Kk¦ix RvZxq gw›`i cÖv½‡Y ˆekvLx †gjvi Av‡qvRb K‡i‡Q| gyw³hy× Rv`yNi mKvj bqUvq Rv`yNi cÖv½‡Y wkï-wK‡kvi‡`i Avb›`-Av‡qvR‡b b…Z¨, †jvKMvb I evDj Mv‡bi cwi‡ekbv †i‡L‡Q|
RvZxq †cÖmK¬ve el©ei‡Y Zv‡`i m`m¨ I cwievie‡M©i Rb¨ mKvj †_‡KB ˆL, gywo-gyowK, evZvmv I Bwjk wLPywii Av‡qvRb †i‡L‡Q| XvKv wi‡cvU©vm© BDwbwUI Zv‡`i m`m¨ I cwievi‡`i Rb¨I cÖvZtivk, `ycy‡ii Lvevi I eY©vX¨ mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb K‡i‡Q|