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†`k fv‡Mi ci AvgjvZš¿ ॥ 1947 mv‡ji †`k fv‡Mi ci weÖwUk‡`i †i‡L hvIqv wbcxobg~jK RbcÖkvmbB envj _v‡K| †`k fv‡Mi ci wmwfj mvwf©‡mi fviZ As‡k BwÛqvb wmwfj mvwf©m _vK‡jI cvwK¯—v‡bi †¶‡Î Kiv nq wmwfj mvwf©m Ae cvwK¯—vb (wmGmwc)| 1947 †_‡K 1971 mvj ch©š— cvwK¯—vb wmwfj mvwf©m AvgjvZ‡š¿i GwjU‡`iB cÖwZwbwaZ¡ KiZ| gnKygv, †Rjv I mwPevj‡qi m‡e©v”P c`¸‡jv‡Z ZvivB wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡Zb| ivRbxwZ‡Z mvgwiK evwnbxi n¯—‡¶c Ges mvgwiK †bZ…Z¡ KZ©…K ivóªxq ¶gZv `L‡ji d‡j ivRbxwZK‡`i Ici AvgjvZ‡š¿i KZ©…Z¡ I cÖfve cÖejZi nq| Avgjv‡`i g‡bv‡hvM cvIqvi Rb¨ ZrKvjxb GK cÖavbgš¿x (wjqvKZ Avjx) Avgjv‡`i RbM‡Yi gwbe wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Ki‡Zb| A_P 1948 mv‡j RInijvj †bni“ fvi‡Zi AvBwmGm‡`i RbM‡Yi †meK wn‡m‡e KvR Kivi wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡iwQ‡jb| AwWU mvwf©‡mi WvKmvB‡U Avgjv †Mvjvg †gvnv¤§` cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖ_g A_©gš¿x wbhy³ nb| GKB mvwf©‡mi Aci m`m¨ †PŠayix †gvnv¤§` Avjx cvwK¯—vb wmwfj mvwf©‡mi (wmGmwc) me‡P‡q cÖfvekvjx mwPe nb| cieZ©x mg‡q GB Avgjvi Rb¨ miKvi‡K †m‡µUvwi †Rbv‡i‡ji c` m…wó Ki‡Z n‡qwQj Ges Zvi Aem‡ii ci G c`wU wejyßI n‡qwQj| wjqvKZ Avjx Lvb Lyb nIqvi `yÕeQi ci 1953 mv‡j †Mvjvg †gvnv¤§` cvwK¯—v‡bi Meb©i †Rbv‡ij Ges †PŠayix †gvnv¤§` Avjx n‡qwQ‡jb A_©gš¿x| cÖvq GK eQi ci †Mvjvg †gvnv¤§‡`i RvqMvq Meb©i †Rbv‡ij wbhy³ nb fviZxq cywjk mvwf©‡mi m`m¨ B¯‹v›`vi wgR©v| Zv‡`i mivmwi Avn&ev‡bB 1958 mv‡j ¶gZv MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb †mbvkvmK AvBqye Lvb|

¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k RbcÖkvmb Ges AvgjvZš¿ ॥ 1972 mv‡ji 15 gvP© evsjv‡`k miKvi cÖkvmwbK ms¯‹v‡ii Rb¨ cÖkvmb I PvKwi cybM©Vb bv‡g GKwU KwgwU MVb K‡i| fwel¨Z cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gv Ges †emvgwiK PvKwii c×wZ m¤ú‡K© miKv‡ii bxwZ Kx n‡e, †m e¨vcv‡i civgk©`v‡bi Rb¨ G KwgwU MVb Kiv n‡qwQj| 1976 mv‡ji †deª“qvwi gv‡m MwVZ iwk` Kwgkb A‡bK hyMvš—Kvix c`‡¶‡ci mycvwik K‡i| RbcÖkvmb we‡klÁMY g‡b K‡ib, iwk` Kwgkb AZ¨š— Av‡jvwPZ Ges memg‡qi Rb¨ hyrmB GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq cÖ¯—ve K‡i| Zv n‡jv wmwbqi mvwf©m cyj (GmGmwc) bv‡g GKwU c…_K K¨vWvi m…wó †hLv‡b DcmwPe ch©v‡q miKvix Kg©Kwgkb KZ©…K cwiPvwjZ wjwLZ I †gŠwLK cix¶vi wfwˇZ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g wb‡qvM cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e Ges Zv me K¨vWv‡ii Rb¨ Db¥y³ _vK‡e| wmwbqi mvwf©m cyj‡K (GmGmwc) GKUv c…_K K¨vWvi wn‡m‡e MV‡bi e¨vcv‡i miKvi cÖ‡qvRbxq wewa cÖYqb K‡i Ges 1979 mv‡j †mB wewa weÁwß AvKv‡i cÖKvk K‡i| Z‡e GmGmwc‡Z wiµyU‡g‡›Ui Rb¨ wjwLZ cix¶vi cvV¨m~Px wb‡q miKvix Kg©Kwgk‡bi m‡½ GKgZ n‡Z miKv‡ii `xN© 10 eQi mgq †j‡M hvq| A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib, G Kvj‡¶cY D‡Ïk¨cÖ‡Yvw`Z wQj| 1989 mv‡ji 12 RyjvB GmGmwc wejyß n‡q hvq| ivóª¶gZv `L‡ji ci Gikv` wePvi Ges cÖkvmwbK KvRK‡g©i myweav RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q †cŠu‡Q †`qvi Rb¨ Dc‡Rjv c×wZ cÖeZ©b K‡ib| Dc‡Rjv Av`vj‡Zi wePvwiK Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Ô83 mv‡j 650 R‡bi wekvj GKwU e¨vP wb‡qvM †`qv nq| IB e¨v‡Pi Kg©KZ©v‡`i wjwLZ cix¶v Qvov ïay GgwmwKDi gva¨‡g wb‡qvM Kiv nq| wb‡qv‡Mi kZ© wQj Giv Dc‡Rjv g¨vwR‡÷ªU wn‡m‡eB Aem‡i hv‡eb| wKš‘ ivR‰bwZK Z`we‡i G kZ© cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i G‡`i wmwfj cÖkvm‡bi avivevwnKZvq hy³ Kiv nq| Ô83 mv‡ji ci Ô84 e¨v‡P 450 Ges I Ô85 e¨v‡P 550 Rb‡K wb‡qvM cÖ`vb Kiv nq| KvQvKvwQ mg‡q Dch©ycwi wZbwU e¨v‡P AcwiKwíZfv‡e AwaKmsL¨K Kg©KZ©v wb‡qv‡Mi d‡j wmwfj mvwf©‡m A‡c¶vK…Z `ye©jivI cÖ‡e‡ki my‡hvM †c‡q hvb| IB mgq wbe©vPb Awdmvi I †mbvwbev‡mi wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v‡`iI wmwfj cÖkvm‡b AvZ¥¯’ Kivi d‡j cÖkvmb boe‡o n‡q c‡o| Ab¨w`‡K AvZ¥¯’ nIqv cÖwk¶Ywenxb Awdmvi‡`i †ckv`vi g‡bve…wËi NvUwZi Kvi‡Y cÖkvmb µgvš^‡q `yb©xwZcÖeY n‡q c‡o| evsjv‡`‡ki RbcÖkvmb mwVKfv‡e KvR bv Kiv Ges cÖvwZôvwbK I †ckv`vi †Pnviv bv M‡o IVvi cðv‡Z A‡bK KviY Av‡Q| ivR‰bwZK A`~i`wk©Zv Ges AwZwi³ Avgjvwbf©iZv Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY| GQvov Av‡Q ¯’vbxq miKvi e¨e¯’v‡K kw³kvjx bv Ki‡Z cviv, b¨v‡cvwURg, wmGmwc-wewmGm Ø›Ø, `yb©xwZ, e¨v‡P e¨v‡P †Kv›`j, K¨vWvi ˆelg¨, KvVv‡gvnxb Kg©c×wZ Ges cÖwk¶Y Ges †gvwU‡fk‡bi Afve| cÖkvmb‡K MwZkxj Ges RbKj¨vYgyLx Kivi Rb¨ A‡b‡K hy³iv‡óªi ¯ú‡qj wm‡÷‡gi g‡Zv GKwU cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯’v cÖeZ©‡bi K_v e‡jb|

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cÖkvmb‡K MwZkxj Ki‡Z RbcÖkvmb (ms¯’vcb) gš¿Yvjq c‡`vbœwZ I wb‡qvM wewagvjv ms‡kvab Ges K¨vwiqvi cø¨vwbs iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb msµvš— cÖ¯—ve K‡i 2007 mv‡ji †Mvovi w`‡K| GwU ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨ wnDg¨vb wi‡mvm© g¨v‡bR‡g›U KwgwU GKwU DcKwgwU MVb K‡i †`q| Lmov cÖYqb K‡i DcwKwgwU G KwgwUi Kv‡Q Zv Rgv †`q| wKš‘ inm¨gq Kvi‡Y cÖkvm‡bi kxl© ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©v G¸‡jv AMÖmi bv Kivi Rb¨ civgk© †`q|

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B‡Zvc~‡e© MwVZ Kwgkb I KwgwU ॥ evsjv‡`‡k Afy¨`‡qi ci miKv‡ii Rb¨ msMVb KvVv‡gv cÖYq‡bi j‡¶¨ 1971 mv‡j MVb Kiv nq cÖkvmwbK cybM©Vb KwgwU (GAviwm), mvwf©m KvVv‡gv MV‡bi j‡¶¨ 1972 mv‡j MwVZ nq cÖkvmwbK I mvwf©m KvVv‡gv cybM©Vb KwgwU, GKB eQi 1972 mv‡j MVb Kiv nq RvZxq †eZb Kwgkb, Gici mvwf©m KvVv‡gv I †eZbmsµvš— welqvejx mgvav‡bi j‡¶¨ 1977 mv‡j MVb Kiv nq †eZb I mvwf©m Kwgkb, Gici 1982 mv‡j gš¿Yvjq/wefvM/ cwi`dZi I Ab¨vb¨ ms¯’vi mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv cix¶vmsµvš— mvgwiK AvBb KwgwU MVb Kiv nq| Gi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ wQj miKvix Lv‡Zi ms¯’vmg~‡ni msMVb I Rbej †hŠw³KxKiY| GKB eQi 1982 mv‡j †Rjv/Dc‡Rjv I gvVch©v‡qi cÖkvm‡bi cybM©V‡bi j‡¶¨ MwVZ nq cÖkvmwbK ms¯‹vi I cybM©Vb KwgwU, 1984 mv‡j MVb Kiv nq Z…Zxq †eZb Kwgkb, c‡`vbœwZ welqvejx msµvš— wel‡q 1985 mv‡j MVb Kiv nq cÖkvmwbK Dbœqb msµvš— mwPe KwgwU, wmwbqi mvwf©m cyj KvVv‡gv‡K (GmGmwc) D‡Ïk¨ K‡i 1985 mv‡j MVb Kiv nq wmwbqi mvwf©m cyj KvVv‡gv cybwe©‡ePbv msµvš— we‡kl KwgwU, 1987 mv‡j MVb Kiv nq gwš¿cwil` DcKwgwU| D‡Ïk¨ wQj GmGmwc ch©v‡jvPbv I c‡`vbœwZi wewfbœ welq, KwZcq miKvix `dZi ivLv ev bv ivLvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv †`qvq G j‡¶¨ 1989 mv‡j MVb Kiv nq cwiewZ©Z Ae¯’vi Av‡jv‡K KwZcq miKvix `dZi ivLvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv cybtcix¶v KwgwU, GKB eQi 1989 mv‡j MwVZ nq PZy_© RvZxq †eZb Kwgkb, 1991 mv‡j MVb Kiv nq ¯’vbxq miKvi ch©v‡jvPbv Kwgkb, 1996 mv‡j MVb Kiv nq cÂg RvZxq †eZb Kwgkb, gš¿Yvjq/Awa`dZi BZ¨vw` KvVv‡gv I Rbej †hŠw³KxKiY wel‡q 1996 mv‡j MVb Kiv nq cÖkvmwbK cybwe©b¨vm KwgwU (GAviwm), ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi kw³ e…w×i j‡¶¨ 1997 mv‡j MwVZ nq ¯’vbxq miKvi Kwgkb| Gici 2005 I 2009 mv‡j lô I mßg †c-Kwgkb ev¯—evqb Kiv nq| GwUGg kvgmyj nK Kwgk‡bi wi‡cv‡U© wmwfj mvwf©‡m wb‡qv‡Mi †¶‡Î †KvUv c×wZ µg we‡jvc Kivi mycvwik Kiv nq| GQvov cvewjK mvwf©m cix¶vq e¯—ywbôZv evov‡bv (Hw”QK welq ev` †`qv, c…_K gb¯—vwË¡K cix¶vi e¨e¯’v Kiv), wba©vwiZ †gqv‡` (†hvM¨‡`i) A‡Uvc‡`vbœwZ cÖ`vb Kiv, gš¿Yvjq¸‡jv‡K wewfbœ ¸‡”Q wef³ Kiv, PvKwi †_‡K Aem‡ii eqm 60 eQ‡i DbœxZ Kiv, Kv‡Ri m‡½ m½wZc~Y© cÖwk¶‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiv, mykvm‡bi cÖwZkÖ“wZ msewjZ GKwU †eZb bxwZ Pvjy Kivmn wewfbœ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© mycvwik K‡i|

RbcÖkvm‡b eÂbv ॥ ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k GKwU mylg mgvR I ivóª e¨e¯’v M‡o DV‡e, G iKg GKwU ¯^cœ ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨ wemR©b w`‡Z n‡q‡Q wÎk jvL Rxeb Avi jvL jvL bvixi mg&åg| Avi GRb¨ RbKj¨vYgyLx, mgvRevÜe, Revew`wng~jK, `yb©xwZgy³ GKwU RbcÖkvmb cÖ‡qvRb| A_P N‡U‡Q m¤ú~Y© D‡ëv NUbv| RbcÖkvm‡b cÖkvmbewnf©~Z Ab¨ K¨vWvi ev Aewkó 28wU K¨vWv‡ii Kg©KZ©viv `xN©w`b †_‡K bvbvfv‡e D‡cw¶Z n‡q Avm‡Qb| mgqg‡Zv c‡`vbœwZ bv cvIqvmn Av‡Q bvbv eÂbv| DcmwPe c‡` c‡`vbœwZi †¶‡Î 25% †KvUv KLbI gvbv nq bv| cÖkvmb K¨vWv‡ii Rywbqi‡`i m‡½ Ab¨vb¨ K¨vWv‡ii K‡qKwU e¨vP wmwbqi‡`i c‡`vbœwZi Rb¨ we‡ePbv Kiv nq| hyM¥mwPe c‡` eZ©gv‡b 30% †KvUv bv _vK‡jI c‡`vbœwZ †`qvi †¶‡Î †Kvb mgbxwZ AbymiY Kiv n‡”Q bv|

cÖ‡Z¨K K¨vWv‡ii wbR wbR jvBb‡cv÷ i‡q‡Q| G wn‡m‡e cÖkvmb K¨vWv‡iiI jvBb‡cv÷ Av‡Q| wKš‘ K¨vWvi m…wó nIqvi ïi“ †_‡K mv‡eK mwPevjq K¨vWvi I cÖkvmb K¨vWvi me‡P‡q cÖfvekvjx K¨vWvi nIqvq mwPevj‡q miKv‡ii mnKvix mwPe †_‡K mwPe Ges mggh©v`vi cÖvq me c` GK‡PwUqv Zv‡`iB `L‡j| cÖK…wPi (cÖ‡KŠkjx, K…wlwe` I wPwKrmK) Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L mwPevj‡qi G c`¸‡jv‡Z K¨vWv‡ii †iwkI Abyhvqx wmwbqi mvwf©m cyj MVb K‡i DcmwPe †_‡K wKQy wKQy K‡i Kg©KZ©v‡K c‡`vbœwZ †`qv nq| cieZ©x mg‡q miKvi wmwbqi mvwf©m cyj †f‡½ w`‡q 2002 mv‡j DcmwPe †_‡K mwPe ch©v‡q c‡`vbœwZ †`qvi Rb¨ wewagvjv cÖYqb K‡i| †mLv‡b Ab¨vb¨ K¨vWv‡ii Rb¨ DcmwPe c‡` 25% Ges hyM¥mwPe †_‡K Z`ya© ch©v‡q 30% c‡`vbœwZi †KvUv ivLv nq| †KvUv c×wZ‡K P¨v‡jÄ K‡i nvB‡Kv‡U© wiU Kiv n‡j nvB‡KvU© †KvUv c×wZ A‰ea †NvlYv K‡ib| miKvi G iv‡qi wei“‡× Avcxj Ki‡j Avcx‡ji iv‡q DcmwPe c‡` 25% †KvUv envj †i‡L Z`ya© ch©v‡q c‡`vbœwZi †¶‡Î †KvUv c×wZ iwnZ Kiv nq| RbKÉ

¯’vbxq mgq : 0213 NÈv, 01 †deªæqvwi 2016
m¤úv`bv : kvgm&