wd‡i †`Lv, mZ¨wRr ivq

Avwgi cvi‡fR : wek¦weL¨vZ Pjw”PÎKvi mZ¨wRr ivq| wZwb evsjv Pjw”P‡Î wbIwiqvwjR‡gi RbK| K_v cÖm‡½ wZwb GKevi e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔcÖwZfv me©Kv‡j me©‡`‡k weij|Õ

†mB weij cÖwZfvi AwaKvix wZwb ¯^qs| mZ¨wRr ivq wQ‡jb GKB m‡½ Pjw”PÎ cwiPvjK, wPÎbvU¨Kvi, KvwnbxKvi, msMxZÁ, Pjw”PÎ mgv‡jvPK, †jLK, cÖKvkK, m¤úv`K, wPÎKi, Av‡jvKwPÎx, Pjw”P‡Îi cÖPvicÎ (‡cv÷vi), WvKwUwKU I eB‡qi cÖ”Q‡`i wWRvBbvi|

evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ iex›`ªbv‡_i †h Ae`vb, evsjv Pjw”P‡Î mZ¨wR‡Zi †mB Ae`vb| †Kv‡bv GKRb wbg©vZv Øviv GKKfv‡e †Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó fvlvi Pjw”P‡Îi Ggb Dbœqb I mg…w×mva‡bi bwRi wek¦ Pjw”PÎ BwZnv‡m weij| AvKw®§K †Kv‡bv `yN©Ubvq nVvr K‡i evsjv fvlvi me Pjw”PÎ hw` nvwi‡q hvq, †Kej mZ¨wR‡Zi Pjw”PÎ A¶Z _v‡K, Zey evOvwj †mme wb‡q wek¦ Pjw”PÎej‡q gv_v DuPy K‡i `vuov‡Z cvi‡e| mZ¨wRr ivq m¤ú‡K© i‡kvgb (1950) L¨vZ wek¦weL¨vZ Rvcvwb cwiPvjK AvwKiv Ky‡ivkvIqv e‡jwQ‡jb,

1921 mv‡ji 2 †g KjKvZvi GK mvs¯‹…wZK F× cwiev‡i mZ¨wRr iv‡qi Rb¥| mZ¨wRr iv‡qi wcZv cÖL¨vZ †jLK, m¤úv`K I Av‡jvKwPÎx myKygvi ivq wQ‡jb Ôiqvj d‡UvM«vwdK †mvmvBwU Ae †MªU weª‡UbÕ-Gi †d‡jv; gvZv mycÖfv ivq wQ‡jb msMxZwkíx, GKB m‡½ wZwb wQ‡jb n¯—wk‡í cvi`k©x| mZ¨wRr iv‡qi wcZvgn D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi ivq †PŠayixI wQ‡jb cÖL¨vZ †jLK, wkïmvwnwZ¨K, wPÎKi, Av‡jvKwPÎx, eøK wWRvBbvi I wkï‡Zvl cwÎKv m‡›`k-Gi m¤úv`K|

mZ¨wRr ivq evwjMÄ miKvwi D”Pwe`¨vjq †_‡K g¨vwU«K I †cÖwm‡WwÝ K‡jR †_‡K A_©bxwZ‡Z m¤§vbmn ¯§vZK cv‡mi ci 1940 mv‡j kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b fwZ© nb| 1943 mv‡j wZwb GKwU weÁvcbx ms¯’vq evwYwR¨K wPÎKi wn‡m‡e Kg©Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib| weÁvc‡bi fvlv I bKkvq wZwb bZyb gvÎv hy³ K‡iwQ‡jb| cÖvq GKB mgq wZwb eB‡qi cÖ”Q` I cwÎKvq Qwe AvuKv ïiæ K‡ib| 1947 mv‡j K‡qKRb eÜy wg‡j MVb K‡ib KjKvZv Pjw”PÎ msm`| c‡ii eQi mZ¨wRr ivq wek¦weL¨vZ divwm Pjw”PÎKvi R¨u †iu‡bvqvi mvwbœa¨ jvf K‡ib; †iu‡bvqv Zvui cwiPvwjZ `¨ wifvi-Gi wKQy Ask KjKvZvq ïwUs Kivi mgq mZ¨wR‡Zi G my‡hvM N‡U| †mme KviY mZ¨wRr ivq‡K Pjw”PÎ wbg©v‡Y DØy× K‡iwQj, Gi Ab¨Zg R¨u †iu‡bvqvi mvwbœa¨jvf I `¨ wifvi Qwei ïwUs cÖZ¨¶fv‡e †`Lv| G Qvov 1950 mv‡j PvKwi my‡Î cvuP gvm jÛ‡b Ae¯’vb KivI mZ¨wR‡Zi Pjw”PÎKvi n‡q IVvq we‡kl fywgKv †i‡L‡Q| jÛ‡b Ae¯’vbKv‡j wZwb cÖvq 100 Pjw”PÎ †`‡Lb; cwiwPZ nb weªwUk Pjw”PÎ wbg©vZv wjÛ‡m A¨vÛvimb, Pjw”PÎ we‡klÁ †c‡b‡jvwc nv÷b I M¨vweb j¨v¤^wUi m‡½| ZLbB wZwb wek¦weL¨vZ BZvjxq cwiPvjK wf‡ËvwiI wW wmKv wbwg©Z wbIwiq¨vwj÷ Pjw”PÎ `¨ evBmvB‡Kj w_d (1948) †`‡L we‡klfv‡e gy» nb Ges wefywZfylY e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi Dcb¨vm c‡_i cvuPvjx Aej¤^‡b Pjw”PÎ wbg©v‡Yi wm×všÍ †bb|

1955 mv‡j c‡_i cvuPvjx wbg©vY I wmw× †_‡K ïiæ K‡i 1991 mv‡j AvMš‘K ch©šÍ `xN© 37 eQ‡ii m…Rbkxj Rxe‡b mZ¨wRr‡K KL‡bv †cQb wd‡i ZvKv‡Z nqwb| Pjw”PÎ wbg©vZv wn‡m‡e mZ¨wRr ivq wQ‡jb eûgyLx Ges Zvui Kv‡Ri cwigvY wecyj| wZwb c~Y©‰`N¨© KvwnbxwPÎ, cÖvgvY¨wPÎ I ¯^í‰`N¨© Pjw”PÎmn †gvU 37wU Pjw”PÎ wbg©vY K‡ib| †`k-we‡`‡ki bvbv m¤§vb Zvu‡K wbišÍi Av‡jvwKZ K‡i‡Q| Zvui wbwg©Z cÖ_g Pjw”PÎ c‡_i cvuPvjx 11wU AvšÍR©vwZK cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡i| Gm‡ei Ab¨Zg Kvb Pjw”PÎ Drm‡e cvIqv Ô‡e÷ wnDg¨vb WKy‡g›UÕ cyi¯‹viwU| G Qvov Pjw”P‡Î we‡kl Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ 1992 mv‡j wZwb m¤§vbmyPK GKv‡Wwg A¨vIqvW© (A¯‹vi) jvf K‡ib| A·‡dvW© wek¦we`¨vjq Zvu‡K m¤§vbmyPK W±‡iU wWwM« cÖ`vb K‡i| Pvwj© P¨vcwj‡bi ci mZ¨wRr ivqB cÖ_g Pjw”PÎKvi, hvu‡K A·‡dvW© G m¤§v‡b fywlZ K‡i| 1987 mv‡j ZrKvjxb divwm †cÖwm‡W›U d«vu‡mvqv wgu‡Ziv KjKvZvq G‡m mZ¨wRr‡K ÔwjwRqb Ae AbviÕ-G fywlZ K‡i e‡jwQ‡jb, Ôfvi‡Zi mvs¯‹…wZK RM‡Z mZ¨wRr ivq GK AwemœiYxq e¨w³Z¡| Pjw”PÎRM‡Z GB kZvãxi †k«ô cyiæl| Zvui g‡Zv gnvb e¨w³‡K Avgv‡`i †`‡ki m‡e©v”P m¤§v‡b fywlZ Ki‡Z †c‡i Avwg I Avgvi †`kevmx AvR m¤§vwbZ †eva KiwQ|Õ Pjw”PÎ cwiPvjbvq we‡kl Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ Ômvbd«vwÝm‡Kv AvšÍR©vwZK Pjw”PÎ DrmeÕ mZ¨wRr ivq‡K 1992 mv‡j gi‡YvËi ÔAvwKiv Ky‡ivkvIqv A¨vIqvW©Õ-G fywlZ K‡i|

mZ¨wRr ivq fviZxq Pjw”PÎRM‡Zi m‡e©v”P cyi¯‹vi Ô`v`vmv‡ne dvj‡KÕ jvf K‡ib 1985 mv‡j| G Qvov wZwb fvi‡Zi m‡e©v”P ivó«xq cyi¯‹vi ÔfviZiZœÕmn †gvU 32wU ivó«xq cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib|

mZ¨wRr ivq Zvui cÖvq me Qwei wPÎbvU¨ wb‡RB ‰Zwi K‡i‡Qb| Zvui A‡bK Qwei KvwnbxI wb‡Ri| mZ¨wRr iv‡qi c«_g K‡qKwU Qwei msMxZ cwiPvjbv K‡ib iweksKi, I¯—v` wejv‡qr Lvb I Avjx AvKei| Gi ci †_‡K mZ¨wRr ivq wb‡RB msMxZ cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡ib| GKK_vq Pjw”P‡Îi me wel‡qi IciB Zvui `Lj wQj| G m¤ú‡K© 1971 mv‡j Z‡cb e‡›`¨vcva¨vq‡K †`Iqv GK mv¶vrKv‡i mZ¨wRr ivq e‡jb, ÒPjw”PÎ m„wói Av`k© Ae¯’vq K¨v‡givi †cQ‡bi hveZxq KvR †hgb cwiPvjbv, wPÎ MªnY, cwiKíbv, m¤úv`bv Ges AvenmsMxZ iPbv mewKQy cwiPvj‡Ki wb‡RiB Kiv DwPZ| Zv hw` m¤¢e bv nq, Zvn‡j †k‡li PviwUi Ici Zvui m„Rbkxj wbqš¿Y _vKv `iKvi| eZ©gv‡b cwiPvjbv I msMxZ iPbv Avwg wb‡RB Kwi Ges evwK wZbwUi Ici h_vm¤¢e c«Z¨¶ wbqš¿Y ejer ivwL| Avgvi g‡b nq, AwfÁZvi ga¨ w`‡q MZ K‡qK eQ‡i msMxZ iPwqZv wn‡m‡e Avgvi DbœwZ n‡q‡Q| ÔwZb Kb¨vÕ‡Z iPwqZv wn‡m‡e Avgvi †h `ye©jZv wQj, ÔPviæjZvÕq Ges Gi c‡ii Qwe¸‡jv‡Z Zv KvwU‡q D‡V mvsMxwZK DcKi‡Yi Ici Avgvi `Lj cÖwZôv Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ|Ó

mZ¨wRr iv‡qi †Kv‡bv GKwU Qwe‡K we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q Avjv`v Kiv gykwKj| Zvi ciI hw` Ki‡Z nq Zvn‡j Acy-Îqxi K_vB ej‡Z n‡e| wefywZfylY e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi a«yc`x Dcb¨vm c‡_i cvuPvjx I AcivwRZi †K›`«xq PwiÎ Acy‡K (Ac~e© Kygvi ivq) Aej¤^b K‡i mZ¨wRr iv‡qi wPÎbvU¨ I cwiPvjbvq wbwg©Z c‡_i cvuPvjx (1955), AcivwRZ (1956) I Acyi msmvi (1959) KvwnbxwPÎ wZbwU‡K GK‡Î Acy-Îqx AvL¨v †`Iqv nq| Acy-Îqx wek¦weL¨vZ g¨vMvwRb UvBgm I Pjw”PÎ c«wZôvb GGdAvB (Av‡gwiKv wdj¥ Bbw÷wUDU) KZ©…K wbe©vwPZ me©Kv‡ji †miv 100 Qwei ZvwjKvmn we‡k¦i †ek wKQy weL¨vZ Pjw”PÎ msMVb I cÖwZôv‡bi †miv Qwei ZvwjKvfy³|

iex›`ªmvwn‡Z¨i mv_©K Pjw”PÎvq‡Yi Kvi‡YI mZ¨wRr ivq Pjw”PÎKvi wn‡m‡e wewkó| iex›`ªmvwnZ¨ we‡klfv‡eB gbbag©x iPbv| Zvui eY©bvag©x iPbv‡ZI gbbcÖavb iƒc wg‡k †M‡Q| ZvB Ab¨vb¨ mvwnZ¨ wb`k©‡bi Zyjbvq iex›`«mvwn‡Z¨i Pjw”PÎvqY wKQyUv `yiƒn| GB `yiƒn KvRwU †h `y-GKRb cwiPvjK mv_©Kfv‡e K‡i‡Qb, Zvu‡`i Ab¨Zg mZ¨wRr ivq| `y-GKUv D¾¡j e¨wZµg ev` w`‡j G †¶‡Î mZ¨wRr ivq‡K GKgvÎB ejv hvq| mZ¨wRr ivq iex›`«v‡_i cvuPwU Kvwnbx (PviwU †QvUMí ÔmgvwßÕ, ÔgwYnvivÕ, Ô‡cv÷gv÷viÕ, ÔbóbxoÕ, GKwU Dcb¨vm N‡i evB‡i) wb‡q Pjw”PÎ wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb|

‡`k-we‡`‡ki eû weL¨vZ wPÎwbg©vZv mZ¨wRr iv‡qi Pjw”PΉkjxi Abymvix| Zvuiv †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bvfv‡e mZ¨wRr iv‡qi KvR Øviv cÖfvweZ| GB `‡j fvi‡Zi AcY©v †mb, `xcv †gnZv, FZycY© †Nvl I †MŠZg †Nvl; evsjv‡`‡ki Zv‡iK gvmy` I Zvbfxi †gvKv‡¤§j; GgbwK Biv‡Ki AveŸvm wKqv‡iv¯—vwg Ges d«v‡Ýi Ru jyK M`v‡ii g‡Zv cwiPvjK ch©šÍ i‡q‡Qb| †KD †KD Avevi mZ¨wR‡Zi Qwe ev Qwei Askwe‡kl AbyKiY K‡i‡Qb, KL‡bv KL‡bv Zvui wbwg©Z †Kv‡bv GKwU Qwei wbw`©ó GKwU PwiÎ Aej¤^‡b bZyb Kvwnbx ‰Zwi K‡i Qwe wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb|

mZ¨wRr ivq †jLK wn‡m‡eI mdj| evsjv I Bs‡iwR (divwmI Rvb‡Zb) `yB fvlv‡ZB Zvui wQj mgvb cvi`wk©Zv| wkïmvwnwZ¨K wn‡m‡e wZwb we‡klfv‡e mœiYxq n‡q _vK‡eb| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i Ab¨Zg Rbwc«q `ywU PwiÎ Ô‡djy`vÕ I ÔweÁvbx c«‡dmi k¼yÕi m«óv wZwb| mZ¨wRr iv‡qi Pjw”PÎwelqK eB¸‡jv n‡jv: AvIqvi wdj¥m, †`qvi wdj¥m, welq: Pjw”PÎ Ges G‡KB e‡j ïwUs| wPÎKi wn‡m‡eI Zvui wQj we‡kl `¶Zv| wZwb iex›`«bv_, Kvj© gvK©m, gv`vi †Z‡imv, gnvZ¥v MvÜx, †m‡M©B AvB‡Rb÷vBbmn we‡k¦i kZvwaK e¨w³i cÖwZK…wZ A¼b K‡i‡Qb| iex›`ªkZe‡l© fviZ miKv‡ii WvK wefvM iex›`ªbv‡_i Ici †h ¯§viK K‡iwQ‡jb, mZ¨wRr ivq wQ‡jb Zvi wWRvBbvi| G Qvov Zvui wb‡Ri Qwe c‡_i cvuPvjxi 25 eQi c~wZ©‡Z †h ¯§viK WvKwUwKU †ei Kiv nq, ZviI wWRvBbvi wQ‡jb wZwb|

emyÜiv kwcs Kg‡c­·, ivB‡djm ¯‹qvi, B÷vb© c­vRvmn evsjv‡`‡ki A‡bK wmwWi †`vKv‡b mZ¨wRr ivq wbwg©Z cÖvq me Qwei wWwfwW cvIqv hvq| GKBfv‡e Zvui †jLv I Zvui Ici †jLv †ek wKQy eB cvIqv hvq kvnev‡Mi AvwRR mycvi gv‡K©U, †eBwj †ivW, wbDgv‡K©Umn evsjv‡`‡ki †ek wKQy eB‡qi †`vKv‡b|

Ab¨Zg m¤úwK©Z Mªš’: gvwi wmU‡bi `¨ †cv‡U«©U Ae A¨v wW‡i±i: mZ¨wRr ivq, A¨vÛ«y iwebm‡bi `¨ Bbvi AvB, `xwjc gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi mZ¨wRr Ges mZ¨wR‡Zi ¯¿x weRqv iv‡qi Avgv‡`i K_v| Zvu‡K wb‡q GK WR‡bi †ewk Z_¨wPÎI wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q|

mZ¨wRr wbwg©Z Pjw”PÎ

1. c‡_i cvuPvjx (1955) 2. AcivwRZ (1956) 3. cik cv_i (1958) 4. RjmvNi (1958) 5. Acyi msmvi (1959) 6. †`ex (1960) 7. wZb Kb¨v (1961)
2. iex›`«bv_ VvKyi (1961), (Z_¨wPÎ) 9. KvÂbR•Nv (1962) 10. Awfgvb (1962) 11. gnvbMi (1963) 12. PviæjZv (1964) 13. Uy (Two) (1965) (`yi`k©‡bi Rb¨ wbwg©Z) 14. gnvcyiæl (1965) 15. Kvcyiæl (1965) 16. bvqK (1966) 17. wPwoqvLvbv (1967) 18. ¸cx MvBb evNv evBb (1968) 19. Ai‡Y¨i w`b ivwÎ (1970) 20. wmwKg (1971) 21. mxgve× (1971) 22. `¨ Bbvi AvB (1972), (Z_¨wPÎ) 23. c«wZaŸwb (1972) 24. Akwb ms‡KZ (1973) 25. †mvbvi †Kj­v (1974) 26. evjv (1976) 27. Rb AiY¨ (1976) 28. kZiÄ wK wLjvox (1977) 29. Rq evev †djybv_ (1978) 30. nxiK ivRvi †`‡k (1980) 31. m`MwZ (1981), (`yi`k©‡bi Rb¨ wbwg©Z) 32. wcKyi Wvqwi (1981), (`yi`k©‡bi Rb¨ wbwg©Z) 33. N‡i evB‡i (1984) 34. myKygvi ivq (1987) (Z_¨wPÎ) 35. MYkÎy (1989) 36. kvLv c«kvLv (1990) 37. AvMš‘K (1991) |

AvR GB gnvb e¨w³i cÖqvY w`em|