AwfwRr nZ¨v I evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ

Gikv` gRyg`vi : AwfwRr nZ¨v GKwU AZ¨šÍ †e`bv`vqK `ytLRbK NUbv| Avwg AšÍi †_‡K G nZ¨vKv‡Ði wb›`v KiwQ| AwfwRr GKRb wkwZ gy³g‡bi gvbyl| we‡`‡k _v‡Kb| gy³gb bv‡gi GKwU eø‡Mi cÖwZôvZv| mvjgvb iækw` †hgb gy³gb wb‡q Ôm¨vUvwbK fv‡m©mÕ bv‡g GKwU eB wj‡L RMr‡Rvov bvg Kvwg‡q‡Qb, Gi c‡i evRv‡i Zvi `vgI †e‡o‡Q| weÖwUk miKvi Zv‡K bvbv ai‡bi my‡hvM-myweav w`‡”Qb| eo eo g‡Â m¤§vwbZ AwZw_ wn‡m‡e Avc¨vwqZ n‡”Qb| †jLK wn‡m‡e wZwb eo gv‡ci †jLK| kqZv‡bi KweZv ev kqZvb Kve¨ bv wjL‡jI wZwb eo †jLK _vK‡Zb| ZeyI wZwb kqZv‡bi Kve¨ wj‡L‡Qb| hLb eBwU wb‡q wek¦e¨vcx nBPB c‡o‡Q, ZL‡bv Avwg wj‡LwQjvg †PŠÏ kÕ eQi a‡iB †Zv RM‡Zi †kÖôZg gvbyl bexRx mv:-Gi weiæ‡× wKQy †jvK wj‡L P‡j‡Qb| A‡b‡KB Avjøvn cv‡Ki weiæ‡× wj‡LI bvg Kvgv‡”Qb| G‡Z Avjøvn Ges Zuvi ivm~j mv:Gi wKQy Av‡m-hvq bv|

e¨w³MZ Rxe‡b GKRb avwg©K gvbyl gy³g‡bi n‡Z cv‡ib| AšÍZ Avwg ZvB g‡b Kwi| GKRb Awek¦vmx gvbylI fv‡jv n‡Z cv‡ib| Avevi wek¦vmx g›` n‡Z cv‡ib| eû †jLvcov Rvbv gvbyl‡K Avwg g›` n‡Z †`‡LwQ| w÷‡db nwKÝ RMwØL¨vZ GKRb weÁvbx| wZwb RM‡Zi m…wó wb‡q fv‡eb| RM‡Zi me gvbylB Zv‡K m¤§vb K‡ib| wZwb KL‡bv mÖóv‡K ev ag©‡K wb‡q ev‡R gšÍe¨ K‡ibwb| Zvi g‡Zv RMwØL¨vZ Av‡iv A‡bK gy³g‡bi gvbyl wQ‡jb, hviv KL‡bvB ag©‡K wb‡q Zvgvkv Ki‡Zb bv| gy³g‡bi gvbyl gv‡bB †Zv n‡”Q D`vi g‡bi gvbyl| hviv c‡ii gZ ev wek¦vm‡K me mgq m¤§vb K‡ib| Avwg gv‡S gv‡S we‡`kx bvw¯ÍK I hyw³ev`x‡`i I‡qemvBU wfwRU Kwi Zv‡`i hyw³¸‡jv Rvbvi Rb¨| G‡`i †ewki fvMB hyeK| G‡`i †fZi Lye Aí KÕRb‡K †`‡LwQ ev‡R K_v e‡jb I Mvjg›` K‡ib|

GK mg‡q Bmjv‡g gyZvwRjv bv‡gi GKwU MÖæc wQj| Giv wQ‡jb hyw³ev`x| webv cÖgv‡Y wKQyB MÖnY Ki‡Zb bv| AveŸvwmqv Avg‡j G‡`i weKvk n‡qwQj| G wPšÍvavivi gvbyl GLb RM‡Z †bB| GÖv ej‡Zb, Ávb jv‡fi cÖavb nvwZqvi n‡jv wRÁvmv Kiv| Bmjv‡g ÁvbvR©b‡K diR ev eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv n‡q‡Q| Bmjv‡gi g~jgš¿ n‡”Q gvbeZv, gvbe‡mev| Avwg g‡b Kwi, mÖóv n‡”Qb Áv‡bi cÖZxK| ZvB gvbyl‡K Ávb mvabv Ki‡Z n‡e| `vk©wbK m‡µwUm e‡j‡Qb, know thyself. wb‡R‡K †P‡bv| Avi Bmjvg e‡j, Ôgvb Avivdv bvdmv, dvKv` Avivdv iveŸv|Õ Gi gv‡b, Av‡M wb‡R‡K †P‡bv, Zvn‡jB Zywg cÖfy‡K Rvb‡Z ev wPb‡Z cvi‡e| Avgv‡`i evsjv‡`‡ki Z_vKw_Z Ávbx mgvR wb‡R‡K †P‡b bv| KviY, Ávbmvabv bv K‡iB Zviv mgv‡R m¤§vwbZ| nRiZ Avjx iv:-†K cÖkœ Kiv n‡qwQj, mgvR ev †`k Amy¯’ n‡q †M‡Q wKfv‡e Rvbv hv‡e| wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, †h mgv‡R `wi`Öiv ˆah©nviv n‡q †M‡Qb, abxiv K…cY n‡q †M‡Qb, Ávbxiv cvwj‡q †M‡Qb, g~L©iv g‡Â e‡m _v‡Kb, wePvi‡Kiv ivRv ev Lwjdvi Zuv‡e`vwi K‡ib Ges ivRv wg_¨v K_v e‡jb| Avcbviv wb‡RivB fveyb Avgv‡`i wcÖqZg gvZ…f~wg ev ivóª GLb †Kgb Av‡Q|

evsjv‡`‡k eøMvi kãwUi GKai‡bi †b‡MwUf ev †bwZevPK B‡gR m…wó n‡q‡Q| cigZ ev ag©wek¦vm‡K Mvjg›` K‡i wKQy wkwZ ZiæY wKQy eøM m…wó K‡i †jLv‡jwL K‡i‡Q| ï‡bwQ, miKvi bvwK Ime eøM eÜ K‡i w`‡q‡Q| AwfwRr GKRb BwÄwbqvi I weÁvb welqK †jLK| GLb Zvi bvg n‡q †M‡Q eøMvi AwfwRr| †Kgb †hb g‡b nq Zvi †eva nq Avi †Kv‡bv cwiPq †bB| wZwb Av‡gwiKvq _v‡Kb, gv‡S gv‡S evsjv‡`‡k Av‡mb| mggbv eÜy‡`i mv‡_ †`Lvmv¶vr K‡ib| Avevi Av‡gwiKvq wd‡i hvb| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki ivRbxwZ I ms¯‹…wZ‡Z gy³gbv‡`i `vg ev K`i †ewk| AwfwRr‡K wb‡q †`‡k-we‡`‡k GLb nBPB Pj‡Q| Ggb cÖwZwµqv mvaviYZ †`Lv hvq bv| G e¨vcv‡i cwðgv RM‡Zi mv‡_ Avgv‡`i †`‡ki gy³gbviv GK KvZv‡i| Gi †cQ‡b wbðqB †Kv‡bv KviY Av‡Q| †m KviYUv Kx?

Pjgvb mg‡q ev PjwZ mßv‡n AwfwRr we‡k¦i GK b¤^i e¨w³| †mŠw` Avi‡e GK eøMvi‡K †mŠw` Av`vjZ `k eQi †Rj I GK nvRvi †eÎvNvZ kvw¯Í w`‡q‡Qb| Avwg e¨w³MZfv‡e G kvw¯Íi wb›`v Kwi| G e¨vcv‡i cwðgv wgwWqv A‡bK †jLv‡jwL Ki‡Q| wKš‘ miKvi¸‡jv Pyc| KviY, NUbvUv †mŠw` Avi‡ei| †KD †mŠw` ev`kvn‡K NuvUv‡Z Pvq bv| ev`kvni eÜyZ¡‡K †KD Ae‡njv Ki‡Z Pvq bv| †mŠw` miKvi †mKyjvi ev ag©nxb bq| evsjv‡`k miKvi †mKyjvi| ZvB fviZmn cwðgv wek¦ evsjv‡`‡k Ggb miKvi †`L‡Z Pvq| GUv Av`k© I `k©b ¯^v_©MZ e¨vcvi|

MZ eQi wKQy w`‡bi Rb¨ Avwg Av‡gwiKvi wmqvUj kn‡i wQjvg| GUv gvB‡µvmd‡Ui kni| G kn‡ii cÖavb ˆ`wbK wmqvUj UvBgm| K¨vw_ †e÷ n‡”Qb m¤úv`K| Zvi Awd‡m wM‡qwQjvg gZwewbg‡qi Rb¨| cÖvq NÈvLv‡bK wQjvg| ZLb †mKyjvwiRg wb‡q Zvi mv‡_ K_v nw”Qj| wZwb ej‡jb, GLv‡b 57 fvM gvbyl mivmwi a‡g© wek¦vm K‡i| Z‡e a‡g©i weiæ‡× †KD K_v e‡j bv| IB KvM‡R ag© wel‡q GKwU Kjvg Av‡Q| mßv‡n GKwU wbeÜ cÖKvwkZ nq| me a‡g©i †jv‡KivB wjL‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e ag©we‡ivax †Kv‡bv gZ Qvcv nq bv| evsjv‡`‡k Bs‡iwR wkwZ ag©nx‡bi (†mKyjvi) K`i †ewk| Giv ag© wb‡q K_v DV‡jB Av‡jgmgvR‡K MvjvMvj K‡ib| wKš‘ wb‡Riv ag©Ávb jvf K‡ib bv| Gi Av‡M eûevi e‡jwQ, G †`‡k ag©nxb ev ag©Ávbnx‡bivB ivóªxq gZvq _v‡Kb| a‡g©i weiæ‡× hviv †RviMjvq K_v e‡jb ZvivB c`we jvf K‡ib| Avwg g‡b Kwi, e¨w³MZ Rxe‡b ag©nxb ev ag©gy³ _vKv †Kv‡bv Aciva bq| ag©gyw³i Av‡›`vjbI Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wKš‘ Ab¨ ag©‡K MvjvMvj Kiv ev Ab¨ gZ‡K wb›`v Kiv MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq|

GLb eyw×Rxex Ávbx¸Yxiv ej‡Qb, Ô71 mv‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K ¯^vaxb K‡i evsjv‡`k cÖwZôv Kiv n‡q‡Q †`kevmx‡K 100 fvM LuvwU †mKyjvi (ag©nxb ev ag©gy³) evOvwj evbv‡bvi Rb¨| A‡b‡KB e‡jbÑ ïay gyw³‡hv×v n‡jB Pj‡e bv, ag©nxb †PZbv _vK‡Z n‡e| fviZI Pvq evsjv‡`‡ki 90 fvM gymjgvb †hb ag©gy³ _v‡K| ag©‡PZbv kw³kvjx n‡j fvi‡Zi `k©b ev¯Íevqb n‡e bv| evsjv‡`‡k ag©gy³ †PZbvq wek¦vmx eyw×Rxexi msL¨v K‡qK nvRvi n‡Z cv‡i| GivB ivóªhš¿‡K wb‡R‡`i wbqš¿‡Y wb‡q †M‡Q| hw`I msweav‡b ejv n‡q‡Q, evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªag© Bmjvg| GUv n‡”Q †fvUvi‡`i †auvKv †`qvi Rb¨|

AwfwRr nZ¨vKv‡Ði inm¨ D‡b¥vwPZ nIqv Aek¨B `iKvi| Zvn‡j Rvbv hv‡e Kviv Ggb N…Y¨ KvR K‡i‡Q, †Kb K‡i‡Q| AwfwRr wbnZ nvIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ ivRbxwZ‡Z bZyb nvIqv eB‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q| miKvwi †bZviv ej‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Qb, Rw½iv G KvR K‡i‡Q| Rw½‡`i †bZv n‡”Qb Lv‡j`v wRqv| †bZv-gš¿x‡`i Ggb mwn e³e¨‡K Z`šÍKvix‡`i Aek¨B MvBWjvBb wn‡m‡e wb‡Z n‡e|

Ggb GK mgq AwfwRr‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q hLb †`k GK gnvm¼‡Ui †fZi w`‡q AwZevwnZ n‡”Q| Ggb mgq AwfwRr‡K nZ¨v Kivi †cQ‡b Kviv Av‡Q Ges Kx D‡Ï‡k¨ Zviv Ggb N…Y¨ KvR K‡i‡Q, Zv Aek¨B †`kevmx‡K Rvb‡Z n‡e| mgq‡K Av‡iv †Nvjv‡U K‡i wK †KD ivRbxwZ‡Z myweav wb‡Z PvB‡Q? Wv³vi wgjb nZ¨v n‡q‡Q ivR‰bwZK †Nvjv‡U Ae¯’vq| wgjb nZ¨vi gva¨‡gB †Rbv‡ij Gikv‡`i cZb Z¡ivwš^Z n‡q‡Q| Gi Av‡M mvsevw`K `yjvj I kÖwgK †bZv Ave`yi ingvb‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZviI †ek Av‡M A¨v‡m¤^wj‡Z w¯úKvi‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| eøMvi ivRxe nZ¨vq †Zgb †ewk ivRbxwZ nqwb, †hgb n‡”Q AwfwRr nZ¨v wb‡q| G e¨vcv‡i me‡P‡q †ewk K_v ej‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Qb AvIqvgx jxM †bZviv| AwfwRr bvw¯ÍK e‡j we‡`‡kI AwfwRr‡K bvqK evbv‡bvi †Póv Pj‡Q| AwfwRr e¨w³MZ Rxe‡b webxZ I nvwmLywk gvbyl wQ‡jb| wKš‘ gy³g‡bi bv‡g wZwb ag© wb‡q Av‡Rev‡R K_v ej‡Zb| Zvi mv‡_ Av‡iv wKQy Aviwe bvgavix hyeK †hvM w`‡qwQj| d‡j wKQy Bmjvgcš’x hyeK bvw¯ÍK eøMvi‡`i weiæ‡× †jLv‡jwL ïiæ K‡i Ges DmKvwbg~jK e³e¨ w`‡Z ïiæ K‡i| miKv‡ii `vwqZ¡ wQj Dfq MÖæc‡K K‡Vvifv‡e `gb Kiv| wKš‘ miKvi Zv K‡iwb|

Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© miKvi wbi‡c f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| G †`‡k †fvU Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kv‡R gymjgvb‡`i †Zgb †Kv‡bv ¸iæZ¡ †bB| ïay †fv‡Ui Rb¨B Zviv †gRwiwU| d‡j †`‡ki 14 †KvwU gvby‡li ag©gh©v`v I wPšÍv Ae‡nwjZ| Bmjv‡gi e¨vcv‡i wbi‡cZv Avi Ab¨‡`i e¨vcv‡i mngwg©Zv †`‡ki 90 fvM gvby‡li g‡b †e`bvi m…wó n‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i †`‡k wkv ms¯‹…wZ BwZnvm †Kv_vI Bmjv‡gi cÖfve †bB| Bmjvg gmwR‡` Qvov Avi †Kv_vI †bB| ZeyI ejv nqÑ gWv‡iU gymwjg Kvw›UÖ| †KD †KD e‡jb, wjev‡ij gymwjg Kvw›UÖ| B`vbxs ïb‡Z cvw”Q cwjwUK¨vj Bmjvg| Avgvi `…wó‡Z Bmjvg GKwUB| wKZve GKwU| Gi eû Zvdwmi ev e¨vL¨v _vK‡Z cv‡i| GKgvÎ ag© Bmjvg hvi wbR¯^ A_©bxwZ, ivRbxwZ, mgvRbxwZ Av‡Q| Gi Av‡Mi wKZve¸‡jvI Bmjv‡gi| Kvjµ‡g mg‡qi cÖ‡qvR‡b Avjøvn cvK wb‡RB ms¯‹vi K‡i Avj KyiAvb bv‡g AwfwnZ K‡i bvwRj K‡i‡Qb| †Kv_vI †auvqvkv †bB, G‡Kev‡iB my¯úó| Gi †fZi euvKv c_ †Luv‡Rb Z_vKw_Z ag©gy³ wkwZR‡biv| Giv wb‡Riv ag© cvjb K‡ib bv| ag© hviv cvjb K‡ib, Zv‡`i mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib| GivB mgv‡R weåvwšÍ m…wó K‡ib| GivB gy³g‡bi bv‡gi DMÖcš’x bvw¯ÍK eøMvi m…wó K‡i‡Qb| Aci w`‡K Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© wKQy ZiæY‡K weåvšÍ K‡i DMÖcš’x m…wó K‡i‡Q| GB DMÖcš’x Ziæ‡YivB g‡b K‡i Bmjv‡gi mgv‡jvPK‡`i nZ¨v Ki‡Z n‡e| Bmjvg KL‡bvB G ai‡bi wkv †`q bv| Bmjvg n‡”Q RM‡Zi me‡P‡q †ewk mnbkxj D`vi ag©| Bmjvg n‡”Q me‡P‡q †ewk gvkxj ag©| Avjøvn cv‡Ki cÖavbZg ¸Y n‡”Q fv‡jvevmv I gv| gvbyl‡K e‡j‡Qb, †Zvgiv Avgvi fv‡jvevmv I gvq Av¯’v iv‡Lv| Avgvi gv n‡”Q Amxg mvMi, Avi gvby‡li Aciva n‡”Q GK we›`y cvwb| †mB `qvevb I gvkxj †Lv`v‡K Mvjg›` K‡i GK‡kÖYxi Z_vKw_Z Ávbx gvbyl Avi Zv‡`i Abymvix wec_Mvgx GK †kÖYxi ZiæY| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki Z_vKw_Z wkwZ mgv‡Ri †ewki fvMB Bmjvg ev KyiAvb‡K Rv‡b bv| bv RvbvB bvwK mgv‡R Zv‡`i m¤§vwbZ K‡i‡Q| GivB gvbeZv Avi gvbweK AwaKv‡ii bv‡g bvix-cyiæ‡li mgKvwgZv, bvix‰g_yb, wjf Uy‡M`vi, ag©nxb we‡q‡K mg_©b K‡i| cÖMwZ gy³g‡bi bv‡g mgvR eÜb‡K aŸsm Ki‡Z P‡j‡Q| †Lv`v mve©‡fŠg ej‡j Zviv ivóª‡`ÖvwnZvi gvgjv K‡i|

†Lv`v I ivm~j mv:-we‡ivax kw³ Av‡MI wQj, Av‡Rv Av‡Q| †divDb, bgiæ` I mvÏv` KL‡bvB Avjøvn wek¦vm KiZ bv| Giv bex‡`i nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| wek¦vmx gvbyl‡`i Ici AZ¨vPvi K‡i‡Q| Avjøvn wb‡RB †Lv`v‡`Övnx‡`i kvw¯Í w`‡q‡Qb| †Lv`v‡`Övnx RvwZ‡KI Avjøvn kvw¯Í w`‡q‡Qb| †hgbÑ m`g I †Mv‡gvivn bMix‡K aŸsm K‡i w`‡q †mme bMixi gvbyl‡`i kvw¯Í w`‡q‡Qb| GL‡bv RM‡Z †divD‡bi g‡Zv kvmK Av‡Q| GL‡bv cÖK…wZi †kva Av‡Q| Ávbcvcxiv eyS‡Z cv‡i bv| Z‡e GKUv welq GLv‡b D‡jøL Ki‡Z PvB, Zv n‡jv gy‡Lvkavix gybv‡dK| Giv gymjgvb †m‡R mgv‡R Pjv‡div K‡i| wKš‘ gy³g‡bi bv‡g w`bivZ Bmjvg, gymjgv‡bi weiæ‡× K_v e‡j| evsjv‡`‡k G iKg gybv‡d‡Ki msL¨v Kg bq| Avgiv mgv‡R K‡Vvifv‡e kvwšÍ iv Ki‡Z PvB, wKš‘ I‡`i weiæ‡× ej‡Z PvB bv| gybv‡dK‡`i Avj KyiAv‡b K‡Vvifv‡e wb›`v Kiv n‡q‡Q| ejv n‡q‡Q, Giv Kv‡d‡ii †P‡q Lvivc| GivB cÖPvi K‡i gv`ivmvwkv bvwK mš¿vmx I DMÖcš’xi Rb¥ †`q| GivB cÖPvi K‡i LwZe, Bgvg gyqvw¾biv †Zgb †jLvcov Rv‡bb bv I K‡ib bv| A_P Bmjv‡gi e¨vcv‡i Zv‡`i A Av K L we`¨vI †bB| evsjv‡`‡k Bmjv‡gi e¨vcv‡i Ggb ˆelg¨ kw³kvjxfv‡e weivR Ki‡Q| Giv Rv‡b bv fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡b (1757-1858) Av‡jgmgvRB me‡P‡q †ewk Rxeb w`‡q‡Q| ZLb Agymjgvb gybv‡dKiv `Lj`vi jy‡Uiv evwnbx‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| Ô47 mv‡j fviZ wef³ n‡q‡Q Agymjgvb‡`i Kvi‡Y| Ô71 mv‡j gybv‡dK‡`i Kvi‡YB cvwK¯Ívwb †eCgvbiv evOvwj gymjgvb‡`i Ici mxgvnxb AZ¨vPvi K‡i‡Q| d‡j evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb| †mB ¯^vaxbZvi weiæ‡× †RvU †eu‡a‡Q GK †kÖYxi Agymjgvb I gybv‡dK| G‡`i mg_©b I mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Q cÖwZ‡ekxiv| AvR G‡`i Kvi‡YB `k©bMZfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl wØavwef³| gvÎ 44 eQ‡ii gv_vq evsjv‡`‡ki Ggb nvj K‡i‡Q Z_vKw_Z cÖMwZkxj I gybv‡dKiv| Avj KyiAvb bv Rvbvi d‡j gymjgv‡biv AvR wØavwef³| KyiAvb bv Rvbvi d‡jB dvivex I AwfwR‡Zi g‡Zv weåvšÍ-wec‡_ cwiPvwjZ ZiæY‡`i Rb¥ n‡q‡Q| Avwg P¨v‡jÄ w`‡q ejwQ, RM‡Z GLb Bmjv‡gi mnbkxj, D`vi, gvbweK ag© Avi †bB| G Kvi‡YB Av‡gwiKv, ivwkqv, Pxb, fviZ I cwðgv wek¦ Bmjv‡gi DÌv‡bi we‡ivwaZv Ki‡Q| nvf©v‡W©i wkK †bvqv †dìg¨vb e‡j‡Qb, MYZš¿ Kv‡qg n‡j I Aeva wbe©vPb n‡j D`vicš’x gymjgv‡bivB Rqx n‡e| cwðgv ag©nxb MYZš¿ ZvB gymjgvb‡`i fq cvq|

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