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nxiv µ‡q AwfÁ Rûwi ev †R‡gvjwR‡÷i civgk© mvnv‡h¨ Avm‡Z cv‡i| ¯^xK…Z †Kv‡bv cÖwZôvb †_‡K wk¶vcÖvß Rûwi mnR fvlvq cwi®‹vifv‡e nxiv m¤ú‡K© mvaviY cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z cvi‡e; hv G g~j¨evb i‡Zœi giZev I `vg Dcjwä‡Z mnvqK n‡Z cv‡i| GKB ai‡bi nxivi g‡a¨ AvcvZ`…wó‡Z cv_©K¨ eyS‡Z mnR n‡e| wecyj msL¨K nxivi g‡a¨ Zyjbv K‡i ev‡RU Abyhvqx wbe©vP‡b Drmvn †RvMv‡e| nxivi AvKvi K¨v‡iU gv‡c wePvi Kiv nq| cÖwZwU K¨v‡iU 100 c‡q‡›Ui mgvb aiv nq| `kwgK 75 K¨v‡iU nxiv 75 c‡q›U ev wZb-PZy_©vsk K¨v‡i‡Ui mgvb| me‡P‡q `vwg I g‡bvni nxiv‡Z PviwU Bs‡iwR ÔwmÕ A¶‡ii m‡e©vËg mgš^‡q †`Lv hvq— K¨v‡iU (IRb), KvU (KvUvi ci AvK…wZ), K¬vwiwU (¯^”QZv ev ùyUb) I Kvjvi (eY©)| Gme ˆewk‡ó¨i wfwˇZ nxivi cÖfv Ges g~‡j¨ cv_©K¨ m…wó K‡i| hZ eY©nxb n‡e, nxivi Pvwn`v I g~j¨ ZZ †ewk n‡e| nxivq ¶y`Ö cvj‡Ki ¸‡”Qi g‡Zv †Nvjv ¶y`Ö ùwUK ev Rb¥`vM †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i| Rûwiiv Zv‡`i AbymwÜrmy †Pv‡L GUv †`L‡Z cvq| ÎywUnxb †kÖYxfy³ nxivq †fZi †_‡K G ai‡bi `vM †`Lv hvq bv| G †kÖYxi nxiv me‡P‡q g~j¨evb| GKev‡i ¶y`Ö `vM _vK‡j nxiv‡K wfGm1 ev wfGm2 †kÖYxfy³ Kiv nq| `vM hZ eo nq, nxivi gvb ZZ K‡g hvq| Lvwj †Pv‡L `vM †`Lv †M‡j nxivi gvb Avjv`v †kÖYxfy³ Kiv nq| nxivi gvb e‡Y©i wePv‡iI wba©viY Kiv nq| LuvwU nxiv eY©nxb ùwU‡Ki g‡Zv †`Lv hvq Ges †fZi †_‡K `…k¨gvb Av‡jv we”QywiZ nq| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î Av‡jv AvcvZ eY©nxb n‡jI cÖK…Zc‡¶ AwZm~¶&g njy` ev wc½j Avfv †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i| G¸‡jvi `vg mwZ¨Kvi eY©nxb ÔwWÕ gv‡bi nxivi Zyjbvq Kg n‡q _v‡K| D¾¡j nxivq cwi®‹vifv‡e jvj, †Mvjvwc, bxj, meyR I nvjKv njy` e‡Y©i Avfv cÖwZdwjZ nq| G nxiv mvaviYZ LyeB `yj©f Ges D”Pg~‡j¨i nq| wbLyuZfv‡e KvUv gm…Y nxiv †_‡K †h AvK…wZiB †nvK bv †Kb `y¨wZ †ei nq ev Av‡jvq R¡jR¡j K‡i| cÖvK…wZK IRb, eY© Ges `¶ KvwiM‡ii wbcyY nv‡Z J¾¡j¨ I †mŠ›`h© AwaKZi e…w× cvq| mgvbycv‡Z KvUv nxiv †_‡K Av‡jvi we”QyiY Avqbvi g‡Zv KvUv GKvsk †_‡K Av‡iK As‡k Ges kxl© w`‡q Qwo‡q c‡o cÖfv m…wó K‡i| nvjKv ev AwZ Mfxi KvUv n‡j we”QywiZ Av‡jv K‡g Av‡m| dj¯^iƒc ÎywUc~Y© KvUv nxivi cÖfv, †mŠ›`h© I `vg K‡g hvq| nxiv w`‡q KvP KvUv hvq| Z‡e Gfv‡e nxiv Avmj bv bKj, Zv wba©viY Kiv wVK n‡e bv| KviY KyqvU©R w`‡qI KvP KvUv nq| GKwU nxiv w`‡q Ab¨wU AuvP‡oI Avmj ev bKj wPwýZ Kiv hvq| G‡Z Aek¨ Dfq nxiv ¶wZMÖ¯— n‡Z cv‡i| mvaviYZ nxivi D”PgvÎvi _vg©vj KÛ±vwUwfwU ev Zvc cwievwnZv †_‡K G iZœ kbv³ Kiv nq| nxivi Pig KwVbZv Ges D”Pg~j¨ †_‡K cÖZxqgvb n‡e †h, G iZœ ax‡i ax‡i mZK©Zvg~jK HwZn¨evnx †KŠkj e¨envi K‡i I ˆewkó¨ eRvq †i‡L cvwjk Kiv n‡q‡Q|

f~c…‡ôi Kg‡ewk 200 wK‡jvwgUvi wb‡P Kve©‡b MwVZ n‡q nxiv wbR AvKvi aviY K‡i| ZxeÖ Pvc I cÖvq 1 nvRvi 200 wWwMÖ Zvc mgwš^Zfv‡e Kve©b‡K ùwUK AvKv‡i we‡k¦i me©vwaK KwVb LwbR c`v‡_© iƒcvš—i K‡i| cieZ©x‡Z AMœy¨rcvZ, cÖej evZvm I f~wg ¶‡qi d‡j nxiv f~c…‡ôi KvQvKvwQ P‡j Avvv‡m| GLv‡b gvwUi ¯—‡i Pvcv c‡o Avwe®‹v‡ii A‡c¶vq _v‡K| gvÎ GK K¨v‡iU (`kwgK 2 MÖvg) nxivi Rb¨ †ewki fvM †¶‡Î kZkZ Ub gvwU, cv_i I evwj Lbb Ki‡Z nq| cÖwZ eQi mviv we‡k¦ 13-16 †KvwU K¨v‡iU KuvPv ev AcÖwµqvRvZ nxiv Drcv`b nq, hvi evRvig~j¨ 975 †KvwU †_‡K 1 nvRvi 200 †KvwU Wjvi ev eZ©gvb gy`Övwewbgq nv‡i evsjv‡`kx UvKvq 76 †_‡K 93 nvRvi †KvwUiI †ewk| G KuvPv nxiv evQvB‡qi ci †kÖYxfy³ Kiv nq| Gi ci cÖwµqvRvZ K‡i m‡e©vrK…ó¸‡jv Aj¼vi ˆZwi‡Z e¨envi nq| wek¦ nxiv evRv‡ii 80 kZvsk DuPy gv‡b gm…YK…Z| KuvPv nxiv KvUv I cvwj‡ki ci Aj¼vi wn‡m‡e cvBKvwi evRv‡i wظY Ges LyPiv evRv‡i cÖvq Pvi ¸Y g~j¨e…w× cvq| wk‡í e¨env‡ii Rb¨ K…wÎg nxiv ˆZwi Kiv nq| we‡k¦ 2010 mv‡j 500 †KvwU K¨v‡iU (1 nvRvi Ub) K…wÎg nxiv ˆZwi Kiv n‡qwQj| cÖvK…wZK nxivi cÖvq 50 kZvsk wk‡í e¨env‡ii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb nq| iZœ ¸Yvewjm¤úbœ iOwenxb K…wÎg nxivi Drcv`b LiP Lwb †_‡K cÖvK…wZK iOwenxb nxiv AvniY Li‡Pi Zyjbvq eû¸Y †ewk| cÖvq me K…wÎg nxiv eY©vwj n‡q _v‡K| GUv cÖvK…wZK nxivi g‡a¨ LyeB Kg †`Lv hvq| KvUv I cvwj‡ki Kjv‡KŠk‡j DbœwZi m‡½ m‡½ nxivi K`i evo‡Z ïi“ K‡i| wek¦ A_©bxwZ‡Z cÖe…w×i m‡½ m‡½ nxivi Pvwn`vI †e‡o‡Q| we‡kl K‡i Ebwesk kZvãx †_‡K| d‡j mieivnI e…w× †c‡q P‡j‡Q|

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DB‡Æje¨vP bv‡gi cÖvq 36 K¨v‡i‡Ui wfGm2 †kÖYxfy³ bxj nxivwU 2008 mv‡j 2 †KvwU 43 jvL gvwK©b Wjv‡i (IB eQi gy`Övwewbgq nv‡i evsjv‡`kx 167 †KvwU UvKvq) wewµ nq| GKmgq GUvi gvwjK wQj †¯ú‡bi ivRv| cÖvq 7 K¨v‡i‡Ui Av‡iKwU bxj nxiv 2009 mv‡j wbjv‡g 95 jvL gvwK©b Wjvi ev cÖvq 66 †KvwU UvKvq weµq nq| cÖwZ K¨v‡iU wnmv‡e GUvq wQj nxivi m‡e©v”P g~j¨| IB eQiB D¾¡j †Mvjvwc i‡Oi 5 K¨v‡i‡Ui GKwU nxiv 1 †KvwU 8 jvL gvwK©b Wjv‡i ev 74 †KvwU UvKvi Dc‡i wewµ n‡j c~e©eZ©x †iKW© †f‡O hvq| †gvMj Avg‡j 116 K¨v‡iU IR‡bi GKwU nxiv fvi‡Z weL¨vZ n‡q I‡V| nxivi Ici dviwm fvlvq Ôkvn AvKevi, gnvmgÖvU 1028 wnRwiÕ Ges Ô†`v Rvnv‡bi gvwjK, 1039 wnRwi kvn RvnvbÕ †Lvw`Z wQj| cieZ©xKv‡j GwU GKRb we‡`kx ewY‡Ki n¯—MZ nq Ges †K‡U bvkcvwZ AvK…wZ w`‡j IRb 72 K¨v‡iU K‡g hvq| IB mgq †Lvw`Z bvg¸‡jv bó K‡i †`qv nq| G nxivi eZ©gvb Ae¯’vb I gvwjKvbv wb‡q gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q| Kv‡iv g‡Z, IB nxivi †Kv‡bv †LuvR cvIqv hvqwb| Avevi Kw_Z Av‡Q †h, eûj Av‡jvwPZ †Kvwnbyi (Av‡jvi ce©Z) n‡jv †mB bvgKiv †gvMj nxiv| cÖK…Zc‡¶ we‡k¦ e…nËg gm…YK…Z nxiv n‡jv †Kvwnbyi| Bs‡iR‡`i fviZ `L‡ji ci 1849 mv‡j G nxiv weÖ‡U‡b cvwV‡q †m †`‡ki ivbx wf‡±vwiqv‡K Dc‡XŠKb †`qv nq| GKBfv‡e 277 K¨v‡i‡Ui Av‡iKwU nxiviI †Kv‡bv nw`m cvIqv hvq bv, hvi gvwjK wQ‡jb nvq`ivev‡`i wbRvg| dÖv‡Ýi b¨vkbvj wn‡÷vwi wgDwRqv‡g 2005 mv‡j GKwU bxj nxiv cybi“×vi nq| ejv nq, wRb e¨vcwZw¯— Zv‡fiwb‡qi bv‡gi GKRb divwm ewYK 1640 †_‡K 1667 mv‡ji g‡a¨ cuvPevi mgy`Öc‡_ fvi‡Z hvZvqvZ K‡ib| IB mg‡q wZwb ˆea ev A‰ea Dcv‡q G bxj nxivi gvwjK nb| cieZ©x‡Z wZwb GUv ivRv jyBm 14-Gi Kv‡Q wewµ K‡ib|

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