÷¨vPz Ae wjevwU© : wecyj cÖvY I Hk¦‡h©¨i Mí

†W¯‹ wi‡cvU© : Mfxi iv‡Z Av‡jvfiv nvZ evwo‡q †K †hb WvK‡Q IB A`~‡i, Avq †i †RvU †e‡a mevB IB Av‡jvi w`‡K| IBLv‡b Av‡Q ¯^vaxbZvi Mí, kw³ I mvn‡mi Mí, wecyj cÖvY Hk¦‡h©¨i Mí, eÜyZ¡ I H‡K¨i Rb¨ nvZ evwo‡q †`Iqv Mí| ggZv Avi wekvjZvi Mí|

ZLb †Kvb ü`qnxb Gwo‡q †h‡Z cv‡i IB Wv‡K mvov bv w`‡q! AšÍZ hviv hy³iv‡ó« Av‡Qb, †M‡Qb ev hv‡eb, Zv‡`i Av‡jv nv‡Z Af¨_©bv Rvbv‡Z `vuwo‡q Av‡Q ÷¨vPy Ae wjevwU© (¯^vaxbZv fv¯‹h©)|

we‡k¦i hZ bw›`Z, RbwcÖq I HwZn¨evnx fv¯‹h© Av‡Q, Zvi g‡a¨ kxl© ¯’vbxq ÷¨vPy Ae wje©vwU| Gi wbg©vY, g~j fve Ges Ae¯’vb me wgwj‡q GK AmvaviY AvKl©Y I Av‡e`b ˆZwi K‡i GB fv¯‹h©|

GwU hy³iv‡ó«i ¯^vaxbZvi cÖZxK| msMÖvg, mvnm I GwM‡q hvIqvi Mí †kvbvq| wek¦Ry‡o GZUvB Av‡e`b ˆZwi K‡i‡Q †h, Zv A‡bK †`‡ki cvV¨cy¯Í‡K VvuB K‡i wb‡q‡Q GB ÷¨vPz Ae wjevwU©|

Kxfv‡e G‡jv ÷¨vPy Ae wjevwU© :

1876 mv‡j hy³iv‡ó«i ¯^vaxbZvi kZel© c~wZ© Dcj‡¶ G fv¯‹h© Dcnvi †`q Zver we‡k¦ wkí I mvwn‡Z¨i Rb¨ weL¨vZ d«vÝ| duv‡K e‡j ivLv fv‡jv, fv¯‹h©wU hy³ivó«‡K eywS‡q †`Iqv nq 1886 mv‡j| GZ g~j¨evb fv¯‹h© Dcnvi d«vÝ Ggwb‡ZB †`qwb| Gi †cQ‡b I‡`i Aek¨B wKQyUv ¯^v_© KvR K‡i‡Q|

hy³ivó« wQj weªwUk Dcwb‡ek| 1776 mv‡j hy³ivó« weªwUk mv¤ªv‡R¨i kvmb †_‡K gy³ nq| ¯^vaxbZvi ci †_‡K A_©‰bwZK, ivR‰bwZK I mvgwiK w`K †_‡K hy³iv‡ó«i GwM‡q hvIqv wek¦evmxi bRi Kv‡o| GB my‡hv‡M weªwUk mv¤ªvR¨‡K cvk KvwU‡q hy³iv‡ó«i m‡½ mym¤úK© ˆZwii D‡`¨vM Av‡m divwm‡`i KvQ †_‡K| †Kbbv, e„‡Ub, wPiKv‡ji kÎæ wQj d«v‡Ýi| eQ‡ii ci eQi hy‡× Rwo‡q _vK‡Z n‡Zv I‡`i e„wUk‡`i m‡½| BwZnv‡mi †Rvqvb Ae Av‡K©i K_v Iiv wK †Kv‡bvw`b fzj‡Z cvi‡e! †Rvqvb Ae AvK© wQ‡jb GKRb ¯^vaxbZv †hv×v exi½bv bvix| GB ÷¨vPz Ae wjevwU© wK IB †Rvqvb Ae Av‡K©iB ¯§viK bq †Zv!

hy³iv‡ó«i m‡½ eÜyZ¡c~Y© m¤úK© M‡o †Zvjvi D‡`¨vM cÖ_g Av‡m GWIqvW© wiwb jveyjvi KvQ ‡_‡K| jveyjv †m mg‡q d«v‡Ýi Ab¨Zg cÖfvekvjx wPšÍvwe` wQ‡jb| jveyjv Zvi fvebv m¤ú‡K© Rvbvb †mB mg‡qi RMwØL¨vZ ¯’cwZ I fv¯‹i †d«WvwiK AMv‡¯Í evi‡_vjwW‡K| †kl ch©šÍ jveyjvi D‡`¨vM mdjZvi gyL †`Lv ïiæ K‡i|

jveyjv divwm miKv‡ii wb‡`©kbv g‡Zv hy³iv‡ó« wM‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| 1871 mv‡ji w`‡K gvwK©b cÖkvm‡bi m‡½ Pyw³ nq, g~j fv¯‹‡h©i e¨q enb Ki‡e d«vÝ| Avi †e`x I ¯’vc‡bi LiP †`‡e hy³ivó«|

wWRvBb I wbg©vY

÷¨vPy Ae wjevwU©i wWRvBb K‡ib AMv‡¯Í evi‡_vjwW| GwU wbg©v‡Y †bZ…Z¡ †`b Av‡jKRvÛvi ¸¯Ívf AvB‡dj| GB †mB AvB‡dj whwb d«v‡Ýi AvB‡dj UvIqv‡ii ¯’cwZ| 1875 mv‡j †d«Ý-Av‡gwiKvb BDwbqb MVb Kiv nq, hv‡`i nv‡Z ÷¨vPy Ae wjevwU© wbg©v‡Yi welq¸‡jv †Q‡o †`Iqv nq| Gici Kiv nq bKkv|

AvB‡d‡ji †bZ…‡Z¡ `yeQi a‡i divwm I gvwK©b fv¯‹iiv ÷¨vPy Ae wjevwU© ˆZwi K‡ib, hv AvovB Bw cy‡iv Zvgvi cÖ‡jc w`‡q †X‡K †`Iqv nq| 1884 mv‡j wbg©vY KvR †kl n‡j †ek wKQy w`b d«v‡Ýi GKwU Rv`yN‡i GwU msi¶Y K‡i ivLv nq| 1885 mv‡j g~wZ©wU 300 L‡Ð Ly‡j †djv nq Ges 214wU ev‡· f‡i Rvnv‡R K‡i hy³iv‡ó« cvVv‡bv nq|

D‡Øvab

ZrKvjxb gvwK©b †cÖwm‡W›U †MÖvfvi wK¬wfj¨vÛ 1886 mv‡ji 28 A‡±vei ÷¨vPy Ae wjevwU© D‡Øvab K‡ib| 22 Zjv fe‡bi mgvb DuPy g~wZ©wU DcK~‡ji wewfbœ AÂj †_‡K †`Lv hvq, we‡kl K‡i iv‡Z|

Ae¯’vb

hy³iv‡ó«i wbD BqK© kn‡ii †Kv‡j wbD BqK© †cvZvkÖ‡qi gy‡L †eW‡jv Øx‡c ¯’vcb Kiv nq ÷¨vPy Ae wjevwU©| g~wZ©i bvgvbymv‡i †eW‡jv Øx‡ci bvg nq wjevwU© Øxc| GLv‡b kZ kZ RvnvR †bvOi K‡i| e¨¯ÍZg GB Øx‡c ¯^vaxbZv, mvg¨ I gyw³i cÖZxK wn‡m‡e `vuwo‡q Av‡Q ÷¨vPy Ae wjevwU©|

g~wZ©i wewfbœ Ask †hme A_© enb Ki‡Q

÷¨vPy Ae wjevwU© GKwU bvix g~wZ©, hvi ci‡b wXjv †cvkvK Ges gv_vq Av‡jvKwkLv we”QywiZ gyKyU| Gi evu nv‡Z Av‡Q GKwU eB, hv‡Z †Lv`vB K‡i †jLv hy³iv‡ó«i ¯^vaxbZvi ZvwiL Ô4 RyjvB 1776Õ| Wvb nv‡Z Av‡Q DuPy K‡i aiv gkvj, hv gyw³i cÖZxK| cv‡qi m‡½ _vKv †Quov wkKj e‡j w`‡”Q, civaxbZvi LvuP †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m‡Q hy³ivó«|

g~wZ©i wewfbœ As‡ki cwigvc

†e`x †_‡K gkvj ch©šÍ ÷¨vPy Ae wjevwU©i D”PZv 151 dyU 1 Bw (46 wgUvi)| Avi f~wg †_‡K gkvj ch©šÍ D”PZv 305 dyU 1 Bw (93 wgUvi)| g~wZ© cv‡qi ‡Mvovwj †_‡K gv_v ch©šÍ 111 dyU DuPy|

Gevi A½cÖZ¨‡½i cwigvc †`‡L †bIqv hvK| bvK 6 dyU 6 BwÂ, nv‡Zi ˆ`N¨© 16 dyU 5 BwÂ, ZR©wb 8 dyU, bL 13 BwÂ, GK Kvb †_‡K Ab¨ Kvb ch©šÍ `~iZ¡ 10 dyU, `yB ‡Pv‡Li e¨eavb 2 dyU 6 BwÂ, †Kvgi 35 dyU, gy‡Li cÖ¯’ 3 dyU|

IRb

g~wZ©wUi †gvU IRb 2 jvL 54 nvRvi wK‡jvMÖvg|

Av‡iv hv Av‡Q

22 Zjv mgvb DuPy g~wZ©wUi †e`xi m‡½ K‡qKwU eo K¶ Av‡Q| GB †e`xi m‡½ Av‡Q Rv`yNi, bZyb Awfevmx‡`i Qwe I Zv‡`i cwiPq, ÷¨vPy Ae wjevwU©i wbg©v‡Yi c~Y©v½ BwZnvm|

wejywßi Avk¼v

SoSÅv Avi e„wó‡Z Zvgvi ˆZwi ÷¨vPy Ae wjevwU©i Dcwifv‡Mi †eªv‡Äi cÖ‡jc kZe‡l©B meyRvf n‡q †M‡Q| AvenvIqvwe`iv ej‡Qb, Aw·‡R‡bi ms¯ú‡k© G‡m Zvgvq Kve©b Rgv nq| ¯^vfvweK e„wói cvwbI Zvgvi m‡½ cÖwZwµqv K‡i| Gfv‡e Rj Ges avZyi ivmvqwbK wewµqvq GB meyRvf i‡Oi m„wó n‡q‡Q| Avi evZvm GB ¶‡qi MwZ‡K Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i|

1937 mv‡j cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv ÷¨vPy Ae wjevwU©i eo ai‡bi ms¯‹vi KvR Kiv nq AvenvIqvRwbZ ¶q †_‡K G‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨| Gi †fZ‡i cvwb PyuB‡q cov Ges Ab¨vb¨ ¶wZ †VKv‡bv n‡qwQj ZLb| Z‡e Kv‡ji cwiµgvq GB avZe ¯’vcZ¨wU GKw`b bó n‡q hvIqvi Avk¼v Av‡Q| hv‡Z GwU iÿvi †Kv‡bv †PóvB Kv‡R Avm‡e bv|

1984 †_‡K 1986 mvj wZb eQi Ges 2011 †_‡K 2012 mvj `yB eQi a‡i ÷¨vPy Ae wjevwU©i ms¯‹vi Kiv nq| Avi GB ms¯‹vi Av‡iv K‡Zv evi Kiv hv‡e †mUvB fvebvi welq| ivBwRs wewW

m¤úv`bv : gvwZqvi