c«”Q`
†W¯‹ wi‡cvU© : C‡`i bvgv‡R AvRvb I GKvgZ †bB| nRiZ Rv‡ei Be‡b mvgyiv (iv.) e‡jb, ÔnRiZ ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)-Gi m‡½ GK evi bq `yB evi bq; GKvwaK evi C‡`i bvgvR c‡owQ Zv‡Z AvRvb I GKvgZ wQj bv|Õ -mwnn gymwjg: nvw`m bs 1470
gvmqvjv : me©cÖ_g C‡`i bvgvR n‡e Zvici LyZev| Avey mvC` Ly`wi (iv.) eY©bv K‡ib, nRiZ ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) C`yj wdZi I C`yj AvRnvi w`b C‡`i gv‡V wM‡q me©cÖ_g bvgvR Av`vq Ki‡Zb Zvici RbM‡Yi w`‡K gyL wdwi‡q `uvwo‡q IqvR Ki‡Zb, †Kv‡bv Dc‡`k _vK‡j Dc‡`k w`‡Zb ev †Kv‡bv wb‡`©k _vK‡j wb‡`©k w`‡Zb| Avi RbMY bvgv‡Ri KvZv‡i e‡m _vK‡Zb| †Kv_vI †Kv‡bv evwnbx †cÖi‡Yi B”Qv _vK‡j Zvi wm×vš— †NvlYv Ki‡Zb A_ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wb‡`©k Rvwi Kivi B”Qv Ki‡j Zv Rvwi Ki‡Zb| -mwnn †evLvwi: nvw`m bs 903
gvmqvjv : C‡`i bvgvh `yB ivKvZ| -mwnn †evLvwi: nvw`m bs 1341
gvmqvjv: C‡`i bvgv‡R †KivAvZ m¤ú‡K© cÖL¨vZ mvnvwe †bvgvb Be‡b ewki (iv.) n‡Z ewY©Z GK nvw`‡m †`Lv hvq, nRiZ ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) `yB C` I Rygvi bvgv‡R cÖ_g ivKv‡Z ÔmvweŸwnmgv ivweŸKvj AvjvÕ Ges wØZxq ivKv‡Z Ônvj AvZvKv nvw`myj MvwkqvnÕ cvV Ki‡Zb| -mybv‡b bvmvC: nvw`m bs 1550
m~iv K¡vd Ges m~iv BK¡ZvivewZm& mvqv covi K_vI nvw`‡m cvIqv hvq| -mybv‡b bvmvC: nvw`m bs 1549
gvmqvjv : C‡`i bvgv‡R AwZwi³ 6wU ZvKwei ejv nq| wnRwi cÖ_g m‡b Gi cÖPjb ïi“ n‡q‡Q| C‡`i bvgv‡R 6wU ZvKwe‡ii KviY eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡q AvnKvgyj Bmjvg wKZv‡e †jLv n‡q‡Q, ÔC‡`i w`b gvbyl Lye fv‡jv Kvco cwiavb K‡i RuvKRg‡Ki m‡½ gvby‡li gv‡S Pjv‡div K‡i| Gi cvkvcvwk AvjøvnZvqvjvi cÖksmvÁvcK evK¨ Z_v mvbv I Zvmwen Av`vq K‡i Pjv `iKvi| AZGe cÖwZevi Kvb ch©š— nvZ DwV‡q ZvKwei ejv Øviv GK_v eySv‡bv n‡”Q †h, Avgv‡`i g‡Zv gvby‡li RuvKRg‡Ki †P‡q AvjøvnZvqvjvi RuvKRgK I B¾Z A‡bK eo| myZivs 6wU AwZwi³ ZvKwei Øviv Gw`‡K Bkviv Kiv n‡q‡Q|Õ -gvmv‡q‡j C`vBb: 26; AvnKv‡g Bmjvg: 163
C‡`i RvgvZ m¤úK©xq gvmqvjv
gvmqvjv : Bgvg mv‡ne Rygvi g‡Zv `yÕwU LyZev w`‡eb| Z‡e Rygvi LyZev †`qv diR Avi C‡`i LyZev †`qv mybœZ wKš‘ C‡`i LyZev ïbv IqvwRe| IB mgq K_vevZ©v, Pjv‡div BZ¨vw` †h‡Kv‡bv KvR wb‡la|
gvmqvjv : C‡`i bvgv‡Ri c~‡e© gwnjv †nvK wKsev cyi“l, evwo‡Z wKsev gmwR‡` A_ev C`Mv‡n bdj bvgvR cov gvKiƒn|
gvmqvjv : m¤¢e n‡j GjvKvi mevB GK ¯’v‡b GK‡Î cov DËg| Z‡e K‡qK RvqMvq covI Rv‡qR|
gvmqvjv : C‡`i bvgvR bv co‡Z cvi‡j wKsev bvgvR bó n‡q †M‡j Zvi KvRv Ki‡Z n‡e bv, †h‡nZy C‡`i bvgv‡Ri Rb¨ RvgvZ kZ©| Z‡e †ekwKQy †jv‡Ki C‡`i bvgvR Qy‡U †M‡j ev bó n‡q †M‡j Zviv Ab¨ GKRb‡K Bgvg evwb‡q bvgvR co‡Z cvi‡eb|
gvmqvjv :
1 kvIqv‡ji wØcÖn‡ii c~‡e© kwiqZm¤§Z †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y C‡`i bvgvR bv co‡Z cvi‡j kvIqv‡ji 2 Zvwi‡L covi AbygwZ Av‡Q| Gici cov hv‡e bv|
gvmqvjv : †KD Bgvg mv‡ne‡K wØZxq ivKv‡Z †c‡j mvjv‡gi ci hLb D³ e¨w³ Qy‡U hvIqv ivKv‡Zi (cÖ_g ivKvZ) Rb¨ `uvov‡e ZLb cÖ_‡g mvbv (myenvbvKvjøvû¤§v…), Zvici AvDhywejøvn Ges wemwgjøvn c‡o dv‡Znv I †Kiv‡Zi ci i“Kyi c~‡e© ZvKwei ej‡e| dv‡Znvi Av‡M bq|
gvmqvjv :
Bgvg ZvKwei fy‡j †M‡j i“Ky‡Z wM‡q ej‡e, i“Ky †Q‡o `uvov‡e bv| Z‡e i“Ky †Q‡o `uvwo‡q ZvKwei e‡j Avevi i“Ky‡Z †M‡jI bvgvR bó n‡e bv| †ewk †jvK nIqvi Kvi‡Y mûwmR`v w`‡Z n‡e bv|
gvmqvjv : †Kv‡bv †jvK hw` Bgvg mv‡ne‡K ZvKwei †kl nIqvi c‡i cvq †m ZvKwe‡i Zvnwigv †eu‡a cÖ_‡g IqvwRe wZb ZvKwei e‡j wb‡e| Avi i“Ky‡Z †c‡j hw` `…p wek¦vm nq †h, ZvKwei e‡jI Bgvg mv‡ne‡K i“Ky‡Z cv‡e Zvn‡j Zvnwigv †eu‡a `uvwo‡q ZvKwei e‡j wb‡e, Zvici i“Ky‡Z hv‡e| Avi `uvwo‡q ZvKwei co‡Z co‡Z Bgvg mv‡ne‡K i“Ky‡Z bv cvIqvi m¤¢vebv _vK‡j Zvnwigv †eu‡a i“Ky‡Z P‡j hv‡e Ges i“Kyi Zvmwen bv e‡j cÖ_‡g ZvKwei e‡j wb‡e, i“Ky‡Z ZvKwei ejvi mgq nvZ DVv‡e bv, Ges mgq †c‡j i“Kyi Zvmwen co‡e, bv †c‡j bv co‡e| Avi ZvKwei †kl Kivi c~‡e©B hw` Bgvg i“Ky †_‡K gv_v Zy‡j †d‡jb Zvn‡j gy³vw`I Zy‡j †dj‡e| ZvKwei evwK _vK‡j Zv ¶gv‡hvM¨| evsjvwbDR
