fvi�Zi �bZ��Z� Ks�M�m Qvov weK� �bB
Av��R�vwZK �W�� : D�i cև`�ki ivRavbx j���� �_�K ivq�e�iwji `~iZ� �ewk bq, 78 wK�jvwgUvi; wK�� Db�q�bi wnmve Kl�j �hvRb �hvRb wcwQ�q Ks�M�m �b�x �mvwbqv Mv�xi GB Avmb| wewWwbDR
w`M�� we�ͅZ M�gi ��Z �cwi�q ivq�ewiwj kn�i Xz�KI Db�q�bi wP� �Zgb �`Lv hvqwb `xN�Kvj a�i Ks�Mևmi Kivq� _vKv GB Avm�b| Z�e ZviciI knievmx Rqa�wb �`b Mv�x�`i c��| gv�qi Avm�b �mvgevi wc�qv�v Mv�xi �kl wbe�vPwb c�Pv�i ZviB c�gvY �`Lv �Mj| ivq�e�iwji evwm�`v�`i m�� Avjvc K�i �`Lv hvq, Zviv Ks�M�m�KB Avevi �gZvq �`L�Z Pvq| ebcvwoqv MuvI�qi nZ`wi`� K�lK nwi`vk �mb e�jb, �Avgiv g�b Kwi, fvi�Zi �bZ��Z� Ks�M�m Qvov weK� �bB| ivq�ewiwj�K K�wl I K�lvY FY gIKzd K�i�Q Ks�M�m| G�Z K�lKiv�q DcKvi �c�q�Q|�
iv�q�e�iwji AvBbRxex ceb Kzgvi wZIqvwi e�jb, �KL�bv �gZvi Ace�envi K�i Avjv`v Db�qb Ki�Q, GB Awf�hvM �KD Ks�M�m�K w`�Z cvi�e bv| �ivq�e�iwji gvbyl `wi`� n�j g�bi w`K �_�K Zviv D`vi I Mv�x cwiev�ii f�| Ab� �Kv�bv `j GLv�b gvby�li g�b Avmb Ki�Z cv�iwb|�
�iveevi `ycy�i c�Li �iv�` �mvwbqv Mv�xi c�� wc�qv�vi c�PviYvi �kl w`�b �kvfhv�vq A�b�Ki m�� nwi`vk I wZIqvwiI wQ�jb| mo�Ki `yB av�i `uvwo�q dz�ji cvcwo wQwU�q Zviv Mv�x cwiev�ii �g�q�K �^vMZ Rvbvb|
gvby�li wfo wWwO�q GB �kvfvhv�v �kl n�Z wZb N�v �j�M hvq| ivq�ewiwj evRvi moK �_�K GB c�Pvivwfhv�bi �i��Z wc�qv�v nVvr Mvwo �_�K �b�g mvaviY gvby�li m�� nvZ �gjv�Z _vK�j wbivc�vi�x�`i wngwkg �L�Z �`Lv �M�Q| �gi�b i�Oi mv�jvqvi-KvwgR civ wc�qv�v�K Kv�Q �c�q RbZvI ���vMvb �Zv�j- �wc�qv�v wK Rq�| nuvUvi GK ch�v�q Qwe Zzj�Z wM�q gvby�li av�vq msev`Kg�xiv �gwo �L�q wc�qv�vi mvg�b c�o �M�j wZwb _g�K hvb; e�j I�Vb- �Av���, i�L hvI�| Gfv�e c�vq 35 wgwbU nuvUvi ci Avevi Mvwo�Z `uvwo�q �bZv-Kg�x�`i D�χk� nvZ �b�o cv�v c�Zx�K �fvU Pvb wZwb| Mv�x cwiev�ii m`m�iv GLvb �_�K wbe�vPb K�i �`�ki �bZ�Z� �`b e�j GB kn�ii Avjv`v �i�Z� i�q�Q| kn�ii �`vKvbcvU Ks�Mևmi cZvKv I �mvwbqv Mv�xi Qwe m�^wjZ e�vbvi �d�z�b �Q�q �M�Q| evm��v��i Kv�Q we�Rwci c�avbg��x c�`i c�v_�x b�i�`� �gvw` I A�Rq AvMiIqv�ji wekvj GKwU wWwRUvj e�vbvi Qvov Ab� �Kv�bv c�PviB �Pv�L c�owb| �mvgevi �ejv mv�o 12 Uvi w`�K we�Rwc c�v_�x 50wU �gvUi mvB�Kj wb�q g~j mo�K �ivW �kv Ki�jI gvby�li Zv wb�q �Kv�bv AvM�n �`Lv hvqwb| ivq�e�iwji evm ��v��i Kv�Q Ks�Mևmi Kvh�vjq wZjK fe�b �bZv-Kg�x�`i �`Lv �M�Q Drm�ei �gRv�R| �mLv�b �`Lv �g�j �K wm Mv�x, Dgv miKvi wgk�, m���vl wms, cw�Z `x�bk �K�vi g�Zv c�exb �bZv�`i| D�i cև`k Ks�Mևmi wbe�vnx KwgwUi mv�eK m`m� m���vl wms e�jb, ԆmvwbqvRx wRZ�eb, G�Z we�`ygv� m��`n �bB| wZwb fviZ�K GwM�q wb�Z �bZ�Z� w`��Qb|� Zi�Y �fvUvi �gvnv��` jv�qK I mvjgvb e�jb, ԆK Kx ejj Rvwb bv, �mvwbqvi �bZ��Z� Ks�M�m mviv fviZ�K mvg�bi w`�K GwM�q wb�Z cv�i, Ab� �KD Zv cvi�e bv|� ivq�e�iwj�Z �mvwbqv Mv�xi m�� c�wZ�w��Zv Ki�Qb we�Rwci c�v_�x mywc�g �Kv�U�i AvBbRxex ARq AvMiIqvj| e�dvm� �K�j�vwi wb�q mywc�g �Kv�U� gvgjv K�i Le�ii wk�ivbv�g G�mwQ�jb wZwb| BZvwji bvMwiK �mvwbqv ivRxe Mv�xi Nibx n�q Av�mb fvi�Z| ivRxe nZ�vKv��i ci nvj a�ib Ks�Mևmi|
1951 mvj �_�K GB Avmb Mv�x cwiev�ii k�NuvwU| wd�ivR Mv�x, Bw�`iv Mv�x �_�K �i� K�i ivq�e�iwj AvmbwU�Z 14 evi Ks�M�m weRqx nq| Ks�Mևmi evB�i 1977 mv�j RbZv cvwU�i ivq bvivqY Ges 1996 I 1998 mv�j fviZxq RbZv cvwU�i (we�Rwc) A�kvK wms weRqx nb|
k�v�woi GB Avmb �_�K 2004 I 2009 mv�ji �jvKmfv wbe�vP�b �mvwbqv weRqx nb| Gevi weRqx n�j wZwb Z�Zxq `dvq wbe�vwPZ n�eb| MZ wbe�vP�b �mvwbqv 72 `kwgK 23 fvM �fvU �c�qwQ�jb| �jvKmfv wbe�vP�b m�gc�e� AvR 30 Gwc�j D�i cև`�ki ivq�e�iwj, j���� Ges �RivU, R��y-Kvwk�imn 7 iv�Ri 54 Avm�b �fvUM�nY n�e| �mvwbqvi �Q�j iv�j Mv�x c�wZ�w��Zv Ki�Qb Kv�Qi Avmb Av�gw_ �_�K| �mLv�b we�Rwc c�v_�x K�i�Q Awf�b�x ���wZ Bivwb�K| fvB�qi c�� wb�R�`i cvwievwiK Avmb Av�gw_�ZI c�Pvi Pvjvb wc�qv�v| MZ 1 Gwc�j w`wj� �_�K ivq�ewiwj G�m 67 eQi eqmx �mvwbqv g�bvbqbc� Rgv �`b| wegvbe�`i �_�K gv�K cv�k ewm�q Mvwo Pvwj�q G�mwQ�jb iv�j| �mw`bI �Mvjv�ci cvcwo I Rqa�wb�Z Bw�`ivi cy�ea~�K msea�bv Rvwb�qwQj ivq�ewiwji gvbyl| c�Pvivwfhv�b �kl w`�b wc�qv�vI �c�jb �mB GKB msea�bv| m��v`bv : Bgi�j kv�n`
w`M�� we�ͅZ M�gi ��Z �cwi�q ivq�ewiwj kn�i Xz�KI Db�q�bi wP� �Zgb �`Lv hvqwb `xN�Kvj a�i Ks�Mևmi Kivq� _vKv GB Avm�b| Z�e ZviciI knievmx Rqa�wb �`b Mv�x�`i c��| gv�qi Avm�b �mvgevi wc�qv�v Mv�xi �kl wbe�vPwb c�Pv�i ZviB c�gvY �`Lv �Mj| ivq�e�iwji evwm�`v�`i m�� Avjvc K�i �`Lv hvq, Zviv Ks�M�m�KB Avevi �gZvq �`L�Z Pvq| ebcvwoqv MuvI�qi nZ`wi`� K�lK nwi`vk �mb e�jb, �Avgiv g�b Kwi, fvi�Zi �bZ��Z� Ks�M�m Qvov weK� �bB| ivq�ewiwj�K K�wl I K�lvY FY gIKzd K�i�Q Ks�M�m| G�Z K�lKiv�q DcKvi �c�q�Q|�
iv�q�e�iwji AvBbRxex ceb Kzgvi wZIqvwi e�jb, �KL�bv �gZvi Ace�envi K�i Avjv`v Db�qb Ki�Q, GB Awf�hvM �KD Ks�M�m�K w`�Z cvi�e bv| �ivq�e�iwji gvbyl `wi`� n�j g�bi w`K �_�K Zviv D`vi I Mv�x cwiev�ii f�| Ab� �Kv�bv `j GLv�b gvby�li g�b Avmb Ki�Z cv�iwb|�
�iveevi `ycy�i c�Li �iv�` �mvwbqv Mv�xi c�� wc�qv�vi c�PviYvi �kl w`�b �kvfhv�vq A�b�Ki m�� nwi`vk I wZIqvwiI wQ�jb| mo�Ki `yB av�i `uvwo�q dz�ji cvcwo wQwU�q Zviv Mv�x cwiev�ii �g�q�K �^vMZ Rvbvb|
gvby�li wfo wWwO�q GB �kvfvhv�v �kl n�Z wZb N�v �j�M hvq| ivq�ewiwj evRvi moK �_�K GB c�Pvivwfhv�bi �i��Z wc�qv�v nVvr Mvwo �_�K �b�g mvaviY gvby�li m�� nvZ �gjv�Z _vK�j wbivc�vi�x�`i wngwkg �L�Z �`Lv �M�Q| �gi�b i�Oi mv�jvqvi-KvwgR civ wc�qv�v�K Kv�Q �c�q RbZvI ���vMvb �Zv�j- �wc�qv�v wK Rq�| nuvUvi GK ch�v�q Qwe Zzj�Z wM�q gvby�li av�vq msev`Kg�xiv �gwo �L�q wc�qv�vi mvg�b c�o �M�j wZwb _g�K hvb; e�j I�Vb- �Av���, i�L hvI�| Gfv�e c�vq 35 wgwbU nuvUvi ci Avevi Mvwo�Z `uvwo�q �bZv-Kg�x�`i D�χk� nvZ �b�o cv�v c�Zx�K �fvU Pvb wZwb| Mv�x cwiev�ii m`m�iv GLvb �_�K wbe�vPb K�i �`�ki �bZ�Z� �`b e�j GB kn�ii Avjv`v �i�Z� i�q�Q| kn�ii �`vKvbcvU Ks�Mևmi cZvKv I �mvwbqv Mv�xi Qwe m�^wjZ e�vbvi �d�z�b �Q�q �M�Q| evm��v��i Kv�Q we�Rwci c�avbg��x c�`i c�v_�x b�i�`� �gvw` I A�Rq AvMiIqv�ji wekvj GKwU wWwRUvj e�vbvi Qvov Ab� �Kv�bv c�PviB �Pv�L c�owb| �mvgevi �ejv mv�o 12 Uvi w`�K we�Rwc c�v_�x 50wU �gvUi mvB�Kj wb�q g~j mo�K �ivW �kv Ki�jI gvby�li Zv wb�q �Kv�bv AvM�n �`Lv hvqwb| ivq�e�iwji evm ��v��i Kv�Q Ks�Mևmi Kvh�vjq wZjK fe�b �bZv-Kg�x�`i �`Lv �M�Q Drm�ei �gRv�R| �mLv�b �`Lv �g�j �K wm Mv�x, Dgv miKvi wgk�, m���vl wms, cw�Z `x�bk �K�vi g�Zv c�exb �bZv�`i| D�i cև`k Ks�Mևmi wbe�vnx KwgwUi mv�eK m`m� m���vl wms e�jb, ԆmvwbqvRx wRZ�eb, G�Z we�`ygv� m��`n �bB| wZwb fviZ�K GwM�q wb�Z �bZ�Z� w`��Qb|� Zi�Y �fvUvi �gvnv��` jv�qK I mvjgvb e�jb, ԆK Kx ejj Rvwb bv, �mvwbqvi �bZ��Z� Ks�M�m mviv fviZ�K mvg�bi w`�K GwM�q wb�Z cv�i, Ab� �KD Zv cvi�e bv|� ivq�e�iwj�Z �mvwbqv Mv�xi m�� c�wZ�w��Zv Ki�Qb we�Rwci c�v_�x mywc�g �Kv�U�i AvBbRxex ARq AvMiIqvj| e�dvm� �K�j�vwi wb�q mywc�g �Kv�U� gvgjv K�i Le�ii wk�ivbv�g G�mwQ�jb wZwb| BZvwji bvMwiK �mvwbqv ivRxe Mv�xi Nibx n�q Av�mb fvi�Z| ivRxe nZ�vKv��i ci nvj a�ib Ks�Mևmi|
1951 mvj �_�K GB Avmb Mv�x cwiev�ii k�NuvwU| wd�ivR Mv�x, Bw�`iv Mv�x �_�K �i� K�i ivq�e�iwj AvmbwU�Z 14 evi Ks�M�m weRqx nq| Ks�Mևmi evB�i 1977 mv�j RbZv cvwU�i ivq bvivqY Ges 1996 I 1998 mv�j fviZxq RbZv cvwU�i (we�Rwc) A�kvK wms weRqx nb|
k�v�woi GB Avmb �_�K 2004 I 2009 mv�ji �jvKmfv wbe�vP�b �mvwbqv weRqx nb| Gevi weRqx n�j wZwb Z�Zxq `dvq wbe�vwPZ n�eb| MZ wbe�vP�b �mvwbqv 72 `kwgK 23 fvM �fvU �c�qwQ�jb| �jvKmfv wbe�vP�b m�gc�e� AvR 30 Gwc�j D�i cև`�ki ivq�e�iwj, j���� Ges �RivU, R��y-Kvwk�imn 7 iv�Ri 54 Avm�b �fvUM�nY n�e| �mvwbqvi �Q�j iv�j Mv�x c�wZ�w��Zv Ki�Qb Kv�Qi Avmb Av�gw_ �_�K| �mLv�b we�Rwc c�v_�x K�i�Q Awf�b�x ���wZ Bivwb�K| fvB�qi c�� wb�R�`i cvwievwiK Avmb Av�gw_�ZI c�Pvi Pvjvb wc�qv�v| MZ 1 Gwc�j w`wj� �_�K ivq�ewiwj G�m 67 eQi eqmx �mvwbqv g�bvbqbc� Rgv �`b| wegvbe�`i �_�K gv�K cv�k ewm�q Mvwo Pvwj�q G�mwQ�jb iv�j| �mw`bI �Mvjv�ci cvcwo I Rqa�wb�Z Bw�`ivi cy�ea~�K msea�bv Rvwb�qwQj ivq�ewiwji gvbyl| c�Pvivwfhv�b �kl w`�b wc�qv�vI �c�jb �mB GKB msea�bv| m��v`bv : Bgi�j kv�n`
|